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Probing the Interactions between Pickering Emulsion Droplets Stabilized with pH-Responsive Nanoparticles.

Xiaohui Mao1, Diling Yang1, Lei Xie2

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Area of Science:

  • Colloid and Surface Science
  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Pickering emulsions, stabilized by particles at interfaces, are crucial in various applications.
  • Understanding nanoscale interactions and stabilization mechanisms is key for designing advanced emulsions.
  • pH-responsive nanoparticles offer tunable properties for stimuli-sensitive Pickering emulsions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the stabilization mechanisms and nanoscale interaction forces of pH-responsive Pickering emulsions.
  • To characterize emulsions formed with bilayer oleic acid-coated Fe3O4 nanoparticles (Fe3O4@2OA NPs) across different pH values.
  • To elucidate the role of nanoparticle confinement and interfacial properties in emulsion stability.

Main Methods:

  • Microscopy imaging for emulsion morphology.
  • Zeta potential and interfacial tension (IFT) measurements.
  • Atomic force microscope (AFM) drop probe technique for interaction forces.

Main Results:

  • Water-in-oil (W/O) emulsions at pH 2 and 4 are stabilized by steric barriers from confined Fe3O4@2OA NPs and aggregates.
  • Oil-in-water (O/W) emulsions at pH 9 and 11 are stabilized by low IFT, electrostatic repulsion (carboxyl groups), and steric repulsion.
  • Increased loading force and dwelling time enhance nanoparticle confinement at the oil/water interface.

Conclusions:

  • Distinct stabilization mechanisms govern Pickering emulsions with pH-responsive nanoparticles based on pH.
  • Nanoparticle confinement and interfacial forces are critical for emulsion stability.
  • This study provides insights into designing stimuli-responsive Pickering emulsions using functionalized nanoparticles.