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Related Concept Videos

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder01:30

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
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Autism Spectrum Disorder

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Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental condition marked by persistent deficits in social communication and interaction alongside restrictive and repetitive behaviors or interests. ASD is sometimes accompanied by intellectual impairment.
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A persistent pattern of angry or irritable mood, defiant behavior, or vindictiveness characterizes Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD). Symptoms must occur over at least six months, involve interactions with individuals beyond siblings, and meet specific diagnostic criteria to be clinically significant. The disorder affects emotional regulation, social interactions, and behavior, often manifesting early in life and influencing long-term development and functioning.
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Information Processing Approach01:30

Information Processing Approach

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The information-processing theory of cognitive development centers on fundamental mental processes, including attention, memory, and problem-solving skills. Researchers in this field examine how cognitive abilities, such as working memory, evolve and influence children's overall development. Studies indicate that children with stronger working memory tend to excel in reading comprehension, math, and problem-solving compared to peers with less efficient memory skills. Low working memory is...
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Intellectual Disability01:29

Intellectual Disability

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Intellectual disability (ID) is a neurodevelopmental condition characterized by deficits in intellectual and adaptive functioning that manifest during the developmental period. This condition encompasses challenges in reasoning, memory, problem-solving, and learning, accompanied by impairments in everyday life skills, such as communication, self-care, and social interactions. Intellectual disability affects approximately 1% of the population in the United States, impacting an estimated 5...
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Learning Disabilities01:25

Learning Disabilities

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Learning disabilities are cognitive disorders caused by neurological impairments that affect cognitive functions like language and reading, without indicating overall intellectual or developmental challenges. These disabilities differ from global intellectual or developmental disabilities as they are limited to distinct cognitive functions. Common learning disabilities include dysgraphia, dyslexia, and dyscalculia, each of which impacts unique aspects of learning.
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Exploring ADHD Symptoms and Associated Impairment across Development.

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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms change throughout development. This study found symptom presentation and impairment vary from childhood to young adulthood, suggesting current understanding may not generalize to all age groups.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurodevelopmental disorders
  • Child and adolescent psychiatry
  • Longitudinal developmental psychology

Background:

  • Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) symptoms often decrease with age.
  • Limited research exists on how specific ADHD symptom presentation evolves across developmental stages.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and impairment associated with specific ADHD symptoms.
  • To examine developmental differences in ADHD symptom presentation from childhood through young adulthood.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (N=2,327).
  • Assessed ADHD symptoms and impairment using the Development and Well Being Assessment at ages 7, 15, and 25.

Main Results:

  • Specific ADHD symptom frequencies and their impairment levels varied significantly across childhood, adolescence, and young adulthood.
  • Being easily distracted was a common symptom at all ages.
  • Difficulty sustaining attention was consistently linked to high impairment levels.

Conclusions:

  • ADHD symptom presentation differs across developmental periods.
  • Current knowledge of ADHD in childhood and adolescence may not accurately reflect its presentation in young adulthood.