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Published on: August 16, 2019
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Traumatic Brain Injury-Related Pediatric Mortality and Morbidity in Low- and Middle-Income Countries: A Systematic
Soham Bandyopadhyay1, Michal Kawka2, Katya Marks3
1Oxford University Global Surgery Group, Nuffield Department of Surgical Sciences, Medical Sciences Division, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom.
World Neurosurgery
|June 24, 2021
Summary
Pediatric traumatic brain injuries (pTBI) are a significant concern in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs), with road traffic accidents being a primary cause. Young males face a higher risk of pTBI, often resulting in lasting functional impairments.
Area of Science:
- Global Health
- Pediatric Neurology
- Public Health
Background:
- The global burden of pediatric traumatic brain injury (pTBI) in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) remains largely unquantified.
- Existing data on pTBI in LMICs is scarce and often of low quality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To characterize the causes of pTBI in LMICs.
- To determine the associated mortality and morbidity of pTBI in LMICs.
Main Methods:
- A systematic review of observational and experimental studies on pTBI in individuals aged 0-16 years in LMICs was conducted.
- Studies were identified through searches of MEDLINE, Embase, Global Health, and Global Index Medicus from January 2000 to May 2020.
- Causes of pTBI, morbidity, and case fatality rates were descriptively analyzed.
Main Results:
- A total of 136 studies were included, with 170,224 cases of pTBI reported across 32 LMICs.
- Males had 1.8 times higher odds of experiencing pTBI. Road traffic accidents were the most frequent cause (39%).
- 24% of patients experienced a reduction in mental or physical function post-discharge, with a median case fatality rate of 7.3%.
Conclusions:
- High-quality data on pTBI burden in LMICs is lacking, with less than a quarter of LMICs publishing such research.
- Young males are identified as a high-risk group for pTBI in LMICs.
- Road traffic accidents are a major contributor to pTBI in this population, highlighting the need for targeted prevention strategies.
