Circulating ANGPTL8 levels and risk of kidney function decline: Results from the 4C Study

ANGPTL8, an important regulator of lipid metabolism, was recently proven to have additional intracellular and receptor-mediated functions. This study aimed to investigate circulating levels of ANGPTL8 and its potential association with the risk of kidney function decline in a cohort study.

We analysed 2,311 participants aged 40 years old and older from the China Cardiometabolic Disease and Cancer Cohort (4C) Study. Kidney function decline was defined as an estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) less than 60 mL per minute per 1.73 m² of body surface area, a decrease in eGFR of ≥ 30% from baseline, chronic kidney disease (CKD)-related hospitalization or death, or end-stage renal disease. The association between baseline ANGPTL8 levels and kidney function decline was assessed using multivariable-adjusted Cox proportional hazards models, and inverse possibility of treatment weight (IPTW) was utilized to prevent overfitting.

There were 136 (5.9%) cases of kidney function decline over a median of 3.8 years of follow-up. We found that serum ANGPTL8 levels at baseline were elevated in individuals with kidney function decline compared to those without kidney function decline during follow-up (718.42 ± 378.17 vs. 522.04 ± 283.07 pg/mL, p < 0.001). Compared with the first quartile, multivariable-adjusted hazard ratio (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for kidney function decline was 2.59 (95% CI, 1.41-4.77) for the fourth ANGPTL8 quartile. Furthermore, compared with patients in the first ANGPTL8 quartile, those in the fourth ANGPTL8 quartile were more likely to report a higher stage of CKD (relative risk: 1.33; 95% CI, 1.01-1.74). The conclusions of the regression analyses were not altered in the IPTW models. Multivariable-adjusted restricted cubic spline analyses suggested a linear relationship of ANGPTL8 with kidney function decline (p for nonlinear trend = 0.66, p for linear trend < 0.001).

Participants with higher circulating ANGPTL8 levels were at increased risk for kidney function decline, highlighting the importance of future studies addressing the pathophysiological role of ANGPTL8 in CKD.