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Decompressive Pathology in Cetaceans Based on an Experimental Pathological Model.

Alicia Velázquez-Wallraf1, Antonio Fernández1, Maria José Caballero1

  • 1Veterinary Histology and Pathology, Atlantic Center for Cetacean Research, University Institute of Animal Health and Food Safety (IUSA), Veterinary School, University of Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain.

Frontiers in Veterinary Science
|June 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Decompression sickness (DCS) in beaked whales is confirmed by a rabbit model, showing similar gas embolism and organ damage. This validates pathological findings and highlights individual susceptibility in DCS.

Keywords:
decompression sicknessgas bubblepathologyrabbit modelstranded cetaceans

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Pathology
  • Marine Mammal Medicine
  • Comparative Pathology

Background:

  • Decompression sickness (DCS) is a gas bubble-related syndrome in humans and marine mammals.
  • Mass strandings of beaked whales linked to naval sonar have shown DCS, challenging previous assumptions about marine adaptations.
  • Diagnosing DCS in cetaceans relies on forensic pathology, necessitating animal models for validation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To validate pathological findings of DCS in beaked whales using an experimental rabbit model.
  • To support the diagnosis of DCS in cetaceans through histopathological comparison.
  • To investigate the role of individual susceptibility in DCS.

Main Methods:

  • Experimental induction of DCS in rabbits.
  • Detailed gross and histopathological analysis of affected organs in rabbits.
  • Comparison of pathological findings between the rabbit model and stranded cetaceans.

Main Results:

  • The rabbit model exhibited systemic gas embolism, emphysema, and hemorrhages, mirroring lesions found in stranded cetaceans with DCS.
  • Gross and histopathological results showed significant similarities between the experimental model and diagnosed cetaceans.
  • The findings reinforce the pathological diagnosis of DCS in beaked whales.

Conclusions:

  • The rabbit model effectively replicates DCS pathology observed in beaked whales.
  • Experimental validation supports the diagnosis of DCS in cetaceans, particularly in mass stranding events.
  • Individual variability likely plays a crucial role in DCS, consistent with findings in human and animal models.