Effect of [D-Met2,Pro5]enkephalinamide on gastric ulceration and transmucosal potential difference

The effects of [D-Met2,Pro5]enkephalinamide, morphine and naloxone have been examined in two different models of experimentally elicited gastric mucosal lesions. One of them was the classic cold-restraint stress-induced ulceration. The other was a less frequently applied procedure, involving the measurement of decreases in the transmucosal potential difference, which is also a sensitive indicator of mucosal damage. The opioid agonists studied, [D-Met2,Pro5]enkephalinamide and morphine, aggravated, whereas naloxone, the pure opiate antagonist, mitigated the lesions in both models. The protective action of naloxone points to an eventual role of endogenous opioids in the generation of these types of mucosal lesions. Morphine is selective ligand of mu-opiate receptors. The enkephalin analogue, however, binds to both mu- and delta-receptors. Therefore, the potent pro-ulcerogenic action of the enkephalin analogue indicates that both the mu- and delta-receptors were involved in these models of experimental gastric lesions. The clarification of the eventual role of kappa-receptors requires further experimental work with a selective ligand of this subtype of opiate receptors.