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Hospital acquired pneumonia risk factors in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia on chemotherapy

Anitha Marllyin Mairuhu1, Mia Ratwita Andarsini1, Retno Asih Setyoningrum1

  • 1Department of Child Health, Universitas Airlangga, Faculty of Medicine Dr. Soetomo General Academic Hospital, Surabaya Indonesia.

Heliyon
|June 25, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) is a significant risk for children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) undergoing chemotherapy. Risk stratification, chemotherapy phase, and neutropenia are key factors influencing HAP incidence in this vulnerable population.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Oncology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Hematology

Background:

  • Infection is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in pediatric Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) patients on chemotherapy.
  • Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) represents a significant threat requiring early intervention for at-risk children with ALL.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify and analyze risk factors associated with the incidence of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) in pediatric patients undergoing chemotherapy for Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL).

Main Methods:

  • An observational case-control study was conducted involving pediatric ALL patients on chemotherapy between 2016 and 2018.
  • Cases were patients with HAP, and controls were patients without HAP.
  • Nine potential risk factors were analyzed using bivariate and multivariate statistical methods, including logistic regression.

Main Results:

  • The study included 120 children.
  • Significant risk factors for HAP in pediatric ALL patients on chemotherapy were identified as risk stratification (p = 0.009), chemotherapy phase (p < 0.001), and neutropenia (p < 0.001).
  • Age, gender, nutritional status, length of stay, anemia, and thrombocytopenia were not found to be significant risk factors.

Conclusions:

  • Risk stratification, chemotherapy phase, and neutropenia are significantly associated with the incidence of Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia (HAP) in children with Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia (ALL) undergoing chemotherapy.
Abstract

Keywords:
Acute lymphoblastic leukemiaChemotherapyHospital-acquired pneumoniaLeukemiaNeutropeniaPneumonia

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