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Related Concept Videos

Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

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Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
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The first thing a clinician sees is the skin, so the examination of the skin should be part of any thorough physical examination. Most skin disorders are relatively benign, but a few, including melanomas, can be fatal if untreated. A couple of the more noticeable disorders, albinism and vitiligo, affect the appearance of the skin and its accessory organs.
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Albinism is a genetic disorder that affects (completely or partially) the coloring of skin, hair, and eyes. The defect is primarily...
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Pleiotropy is the phenomenon in which a single gene impacts multiple, seemingly unrelated phenotypic traits. For example, defects in the SOX10 gene cause Waardenburg Syndrome Type 4, or WS4, which can cause defects in pigmentation, hearing impairments, and an absence of intestinal contractions necessary for elimination. This diversity of phenotypes results from the expression pattern of SOX10 in early embryonic and fetal development. SOX10 is found in neural crest cells that form melanocytes,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Diagnosis of Hirschsprung's Disease by Immunostaining Rectal Suction Biopsies for Calretinin, S100 Protein and Protein Gene Product 9.5
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[Incontinentia pigmenti in a newborn boy].

Kristin Bergmann1, Pernille Aléx Gregersen, Jesper Graakjær

  • 1bergmann@dadlnet.dk.

Ugeskrift for Laeger
|June 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Incontinentia pigmenti is a rare X-linked disorder. This case report details a male infant diagnosed with incontinentia pigmenti, highlighting the importance of early detection and multidisciplinary care.

Area of Science:

  • Genetics
  • Dermatology
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Incontinentia pigmenti (IP) is a rare X-linked dominant neurocutaneous ectodermal dysplasia.
  • Typically lethal in males in utero, it can occur in rare cases of mosaicism or Klinefelter syndrome.

Observation:

  • This report details a rare case of IP in a newborn male.
  • The infant presented with characteristic skin eruptions along Blaschko's lines.

Findings:

  • Histopathology and genetic testing confirmed the diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti.
  • The case underscores the possibility of IP manifestation in males under specific genetic conditions.

Implications:

  • Early diagnosis of incontinentia pigmenti is crucial for timely intervention.

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  • Management often requires a multidisciplinary approach involving various specialists.