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Area of Science:

  • Quantum physics
  • Condensed matter physics
  • Atomic physics

Background:

  • Quantum phase transitions typically describe ground-state properties.
  • Excited-state quantum phase transitions (ESQPTs) involve closing energy gaps within the excitation spectrum.
  • Identifying order parameters for ESQPTs is a significant challenge in many-body physics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a new method for identifying and characterizing excited-state quantum phases.
  • To propose a topological order parameter applicable to a broad range of mean-field models.
  • To bridge theoretical concepts of ESQPTs with experimental capabilities.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a topological order parameter.
  • Application of the parameter to a class of mean-field models.
  • Consideration of experimental accessibility via interferometry.

Main Results:

  • A topological order parameter is introduced that successfully distinguishes different excited-state phases.
  • The proposed parameter is shown to be experimentally measurable using interferometry.
  • The findings are relevant for spinor Bose-Einstein condensates and similar atomic many-body systems.

Conclusions:

  • The introduced topological order parameter provides a viable route for detecting excited-state quantum phases.
  • This work facilitates the experimental characterization of excited-state quantum phenomena in atomic systems.
  • It opens new avenues for exploring quantum phase transitions beyond the ground state.