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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Generation and Coherent Control of Pulsed Quantum Frequency Combs
Published on: June 8, 2018
Quantum Entanglement and Modulation Enhancement of Free-Electron-Bound-Electron Interaction
Zhexin Zhao1, Xiao-Qi Sun2,3, Shanhui Fan1
1Department of Electrical Engineering, Ginzton Laboratory, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA.
Abstract:
The modulation and engineering of the free-electron wave function bring new ingredients to the electron-matter interaction. We consider the dynamics of a free-electron passing by a two-level system fully quantum mechanically and study the enhancement of interaction from the modulation of the free-electron wave function. In the presence of resonant modulation of the free-electron wave function, we show that the electron energy loss and gain spectrum is greatly enhanced for a coherent initial state of the two-level system. Thus, a modulated electron can function as a probe of the atomic coherence. We further find that distantly separated two-level atoms can be entangled through interacting with the same free electron. Effects of modulation-induced enhancement can also be observed using a dilute beam of modulated electrons.
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