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Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types01:19

Nervous Tissue: Neuron Types

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Neurons, the fundamental units of the nervous system, can be classified based on both their structural and functional characteristics.
Structurally, neurons are categorized into three main types: multipolar, bipolar, and unipolar (or pseudounipolar). Multipolar neurons, which are the most common type in the brain and spinal cord, as well as all motor neurons, possess multiple dendrites and a single axon.
Bipolar neurons, on the other hand, have one primary dendrite and one axon. They are...
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Classification of Neurotransmitters01:30

Classification of Neurotransmitters

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Neurotransmitters play a crucial role in the communication between neurons in the autonomic nervous system. Neurons in the autonomic nervous system can be cholinergic or adrenergic depending on the neurotransmitters synthesized. Cholinergic neurons use acetylcholine as their primary neurotransmitter. This includes all the preganglionic fibers of the sympathetic and pre- and postganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic nervous systems. In addition, neurons of the somatic nervous system also use...
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Nerve Supply of the GI Tract01:27

Nerve Supply of the GI Tract

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The neuronal supply to the gastrointestinal (GI) tract is essential for regulating various functions, including digestion, absorption, and movement of food. This intricate network of nerves is known as the enteric nervous system (ENS), often referred to as the "second brain" of the body.
The enteric nervous system consists of two major plexuses: the myenteric plexus (Auerbach's plexus) and the submucosal plexus (Meissner's plexus). These plexuses are located within the layers of...
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Neural Regulation01:37

Neural Regulation

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Digestion begins with a cephalic phase that prepares the digestive system to receive food. When our brain processes visual or olfactory information about food, it triggers impulses in the cranial nerves innervating the salivary glands and stomach to prepare for food.
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Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity01:11

Enteric Nervous System: Regulation of GI Motor Activity

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The Enteric Nervous System (ENS) plays a pivotal role in regulating gastrointestinal or GI motor activity. This complex network of nerves, deeply embedded within the gut wall, responds to changes in the gut environment and receives input from both the autonomic nervous system and the central nervous system. By doing so, the ENS operates various programs tailored to the body's nutritional status and needs.
During periods of fasting, the ENS initiates the migrating myoelectric complex, a...
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Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health01:05

Physiology of Enteric Nervous System and Gut Health

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The gastrointestinal tract, responsible for the digestion and absorption of nutrients, is safeguarded by the intestinal barrier, which consists of secretory, physical, and immune components. At the forefront is the secretory barrier, composed of essential elements such as mucus, gut microbiota, and defense proteins. They collaborate to break down food particles, facilitate nutrient absorption, and maintain optimal gut health. These secretory components ensure the smooth functioning of the...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse
10:34

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse

Published on: August 7, 2013

27.9K

Classification of human enteric neurons.

Axel Brehmer1

  • 1Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, Krankenhausstr. 9, 91054, Erlangen, Germany. axel.brehmer@fau.de.

Histochemistry and Cell Biology
|June 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Recent advances reveal the complex diversity of enteric neurons, moving beyond the simple Dogiel type I and II classification. This new understanding aids in developing treatments for human gastrointestinal neuropathology.

Keywords:
DogielEnteric nervous systemNeuroanatomical terminologyStach

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

An In-vitro Preparation of Isolated Enteric Neurons and Glia from the Myenteric Plexus of the Adult Mouse
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In Situ Ca2+ Imaging of the Enteric Nervous System
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Immunostaining to Visualize Murine Enteric Nervous System Development

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • Current classification of enteric neurons (Dogiel type I and II) is morphologically restrictive.
  • This limited classification fails to capture the chemical and functional diversity of enteric neurons.
  • Advances in research methods are crucial for a deeper understanding of enteric nervous system heterogeneity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To integrate recent morphological and immunohistological data on human enteric neurons.
  • To propose a refined classification of human enteric neurons.
  • To establish a foundation for advancing human gastrointestinal neuropathology.

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing innovative methods to study functional heterogeneity.
  • Employing structural investigations focusing on process architecture.
  • Applying target-specific axonal tracing combined with multiple immunohistochemistry.

Main Results:

  • Recent studies have combined morphological and neurochemical analyses.
  • Data integration reveals a more complex picture than the Dogiel dichotomy.
  • A foundational classification of human enteric neurons is presented.

Conclusions:

  • The traditional Dogiel classification is insufficient to represent enteric neuron diversity.
  • A new classification integrating morphology and neurochemistry is proposed.
  • This classification is essential for future research in human gastrointestinal neuropathology.