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Antigens Involved in Adaptive Immunity01:26

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Anti-A1Leb: a mind boggler.

A Gupta1, K Chaudhary2, S Asati3

  • 1Department of Transfusion Medicine, All India Institute of Medical Sciences , Jodhpur, Rajasthan , India 342005.

Immunohematology
|June 25, 2021
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Summary

The unique Lewis blood group system involves antigens adsorbed from plasma, not made by red blood cells. Lewis compound antigens like ALeb and BLeb arise from interactions between ABO, H, SE, and LE genes.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunogenetics
  • Hematology
  • Biochemistry

Background:

  • The Lewis blood group system exhibits unique antigen characteristics, differing from typical allelic gene products.
  • Lewis antigens are glycolipids adsorbed onto red blood cell membranes from plasma, not synthesized by erythrocytes.
  • Naturally occurring IgM antibodies are common against Lewis antigens, sometimes exhibiting reactivity at 37°C and the antihuman globulin phase.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the nature and genetic basis of Lewis compound antigens.
  • To confirm the existence of ALeb and BLeb antigens through antibody detection.
  • To elucidate the genetic interactions leading to the formation of these compound antigens.

Main Methods:

  • Serological analysis to detect antibodies against Lewis compound antigens.
  • Genetic analysis to determine the interaction of ABO, H, SE, and LE genes.
  • Characterization of glycolipid antigens on red blood cell membranes.

Main Results:

  • Confirmation of Lewis compound antigens ALeb and BLeb through the presence of specific antibodies.
  • Demonstration that these compound antigens result from the interaction of multiple genes (ABO, H, SE, LE).
  • Understanding the adsorption mechanism of Lewis antigens onto red blood cells.

Conclusions:

  • The Lewis blood group system's unique antigen acquisition mechanism is confirmed.
  • Lewis compound antigens are genetically determined by the interplay of ABO, H, SE, and LE genes.
  • Further research into Lewis blood group genetics and serology is warranted.