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Exploring new strategies for ozone-risk assessment: A dynamic-threshold case study.

A Conte1, F Otu-Larbi2, A Alivernini1

  • 1Council for Agricultural Research and Economics (CREA), Research Centre for Forestry and Wood (FL), Rome, 00166, Italy.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|June 25, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Tropospheric ozone harms forests. This study found that species-specific, dynamic ozone thresholds improve risk assessment models, revealing seasonal changes in plant tolerance to ozone pollution.

Keywords:
AIRTREEEddy covarianceGPPOzone-risk assessmentPODStomatal ozone fluxes

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Area of Science:

  • Forest Ecology
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Tropospheric ozone is a significant air pollutant detrimental to forest ecosystems.
  • Phytotoxic Ozone Dose (POD) is used to assess ozone risk based on stomatal ozone uptake.
  • Understanding ozone's impact on forest health is crucial for ecosystem management.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the effects of ozone on a Holm oak forest in central Italy.
  • To test and compare different ozone impact response functions within a multi-layer canopy model.
  • To determine if a clear phytotoxic ozone threshold exists and if it varies seasonally.

Main Methods:

  • Implemented and tested four flux-based ozone impact response functions using the AIRTREE model.
  • Validated model performance against observed Gross Primary Productivity (GPP) from Eddy Covariance CO2 flux data.
  • Tested six different detoxifying thresholds (0-5 nmol O3 m⁻² s⁻¹) to assess ozone tolerance.

Main Results:

  • Species-specific response functions improved model accuracy (RMSE reduced by up to 8.5%) compared to Plant Functional Type (PFT) based functions.
  • A linear response function with a 1 nmol m⁻² s⁻¹ threshold best simulated annual GPP, but ozone tolerance varied seasonally.
  • A dynamic threshold approach reduced GPP overestimation by 213 g C m⁻² y⁻¹ and RMSE by up to 7.7%.

Conclusions:

  • Seasonal variations in ozone tolerance necessitate the use of dynamic or seasonal thresholds for accurate ozone damage prediction.
  • Nonlinear ozone response functions may fully account for detoxification, suggesting a 0 nmol O3 m⁻² s⁻¹ threshold in some cases.
  • Further species-specific manipulative experiments are needed to develop robust response functions for diverse plant species.