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Swallowing problems in children with a tracheostomy

Bas Pullens1, Marloes Streppel1

  • 1Department of Otorhinolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery, Erasmus Medical Center, Sophia Children's Hospital, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.

Seminars in Pediatric Surgery
|June 26, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Children with tracheostomies frequently experience swallowing problems. This review covers normal swallowing, how airway issues affect it, and how tracheostomy tubes impact swallowing, offering management strategies.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric medicine
  • Otolaryngology
  • Speech-language pathology

Background:

  • Children with tracheostomies often exhibit dysphagia.
  • Differentiating tracheostomy effects from underlying pathology is complex.
  • Swallowing disorders in this population require specialized assessment.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review normal swallowing physiology and development.
  • To explore swallowing difficulties associated with airway pathologies.
  • To elucidate the impact of tracheostomy tubes on swallowing function.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of swallowing physiology.
  • Analysis of swallowing disorders in various airway conditions.
  • Discussion of tracheostomy's mechanical effects on swallowing.
  • Overview of diagnostic methods for pediatric dysphagia.
  • Presentation of clinical management tools.

Main Results:

  • Tracheostomy tubes can alter laryngeal sensation, airway protection, and esophageal motility.
  • Underlying pathologies significantly contribute to dysphagia.
  • A multidisciplinary approach is crucial for effective management.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the interplay between tracheostomy, pathology, and swallowing is essential.
  • Comprehensive assessment and tailored management strategies improve outcomes for children with tracheostomies.
  • This review provides a framework for clinical practice.

Keywords:
DysphagiaFeeding difficultiesFlexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowingModified Evans blue dye testSwallowing problemsTracheostomaTracheostomy tubeVideofluoroscopic evaluation

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