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Related Concept Videos

Glaucoma: Overview01:25

Glaucoma: Overview

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Glaucoma is an eye condition characterized by increased intraocular pressure that damages the retina and optic nerve, leading to irreversible blindness if left untreated. The human eye has various components, including the cornea, iris, pupil, lens, and optic nerve. Aqueous humor is secreted by the epithelium of the ciliary body in the posterior chamber and flows through the trabecular meshwork and canal of Schlemm, maintaining normal intraocular pressure. The trabecular meshwork and the canal...
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Open Angle Glaucoma: Treatment01:27

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In open-angle glaucoma, the iridocorneal angle remains open, but the trabecular meshwork becomes stiff, slowing down the outflow of aqueous humor. This causes a buildup of aqueous humor in the anterior chamber, leading to a sudden increase in intraocular pressure. The treatment for open-angle glaucoma focuses on reducing the elevated intraocular pressure by either decreasing the secretion of aqueous humor or increasing its outflow.
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Angle Closure Glaucoma: Treatment01:28

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Angle-closure glaucoma, or closed-angle glaucoma, is an eye condition where the iris bulges out and blocks the iridocorneal angle, resulting in a buildup of aqueous humor and increased intraocular pressure. Immediate medical attention is necessary due to the sudden onset of symptoms. The treatment for angle-closure glaucoma includes short-term and long-term approaches. Short-term treatment involves using eye drops like pilocarpine to lower intraocular pressure by increasing aqueous humor...
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At the molecular level, visual signals trigger transformations in photopigment molecules, resulting in changes in the photoreceptor cell's membrane potential. The photon's energy level is denoted by its wavelength, with each specific wavelength of visible light associated with a distinct color. The spectral range of visible light, classified as electromagnetic radiation, spans from 380 to 720 nm. Electromagnetic radiation wavelengths exceeding 720 nm fall under the infrared category,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Assessing Early Stage Open-Angle Glaucoma in Patients by Isolated-Check Visual Evoked Potential
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Risk factors for previously undiagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma: the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study.

Michelle P Y Chan1, Anthony P Khawaja2,3, David C Broadway4

  • 1UCL Institute of Ophthalmology, UCL, London, UK michelle.chan@doctors.org.uk.

The British Journal of Ophthalmology
|June 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Many primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) cases go undiagnosed, especially those with lower intraocular pressure (IOP) or no reported vision problems. Increased community awareness is crucial for early detection.

Keywords:
epidemiologyglaucoma

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Public Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Undiagnosed glaucoma represents a significant, hidden public health challenge, with at least half of cases in Western populations remaining undetected.
  • Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is a leading cause of irreversible blindness globally.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify risk factors associated with previously undiagnosed primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG).
  • To understand barriers to eye care access contributing to delayed glaucoma diagnosis.

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study was conducted within the European Prospective Investigation of Cancer-Norfolk Eye Study.
  • Logistic regression analysis was employed to compare newly diagnosed POAG cases with previously diagnosed cases among 314 participants.

Main Results:

  • Lower pretreatment intraocular pressure (IOP) was significantly associated with undiagnosed POAG (OR 0.71).
  • Participants reporting no eyesight problems were less likely to have a prior POAG diagnosis (OR 0.03).
  • 107 out of 314 participants were newly diagnosed with POAG.

Conclusions:

  • Current glaucoma screening may overemphasize high IOP, potentially missing cases with lower IOP.
  • The findings underscore the need for enhanced community glaucoma awareness programs.
  • Individuals with asymptomatic visual impairment may represent a high-risk group for undetected POAG.