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Related Concept Videos

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Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

The Adventures of Fundi Intervention Based on the Cognitive and Emotional Processing in Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Patients
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Assisted Reproductive Techniques, ADHD, and School Performance.

Chen Wang1, Anna L V Johansson1, Kenny A Rodriguez-Wallberg2,3

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Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) do not negatively impact child neurodevelopment, including attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk and school performance. Long-term follow-up confirms safety and no adverse effects from specific ART methods.

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Developmental Neuroscience
  • Pediatric Health

Background:

  • Assisted reproductive techniques (ART) are increasingly used globally.
  • Long-term neurodevelopmental outcomes for children conceived via ART require ongoing investigation.
  • Parental factors and infertility may influence child development, necessitating careful study design.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the long-term neurodevelopmental effects of ART on offspring.
  • To assess the impact of ART on attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) risk and academic performance.
  • To account for parental characteristics and infertility in the analysis of ART outcomes.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized Swedish national registers for a cohort of over 2.4 million children born between 1986-2012.
  • ART data sourced from fertility clinics, medical records, and maternal self-report.
  • ADHD identified via specialist diagnosis/medication; school performance assessed by final grades and upper secondary school eligibility.

Main Results:

  • Children conceived with ART showed lower ADHD risk and better school performance compared to the general population.
  • After adjusting for parental factors, ART associations were attenuated or reversed.
  • No increased risk or disadvantage was observed when compared to children of infertile couples or when analyzing specific ART methods (ICSI, frozen/fresh embryo transfer).

Conclusions:

  • Nationwide, long-term follow-up provides reassurance regarding offspring neurodevelopment following ART.
  • No evidence suggests increased risk of ADHD or impaired school performance in adolescents conceived via ART.
  • The study supports the safety of ART for child neurodevelopmental outcomes.