Diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea and its impact on cardiovascular disease

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a prevalent disorder that has direct correlation to cardiovascular disease. Understanding the etiology and symptoms of this condition as it relates to cardiovascular disease can improve comprehensive health assessments and determine the use of appropriate screening tools. This case-based approach follows a patient through assessment, diagnosis, and treatment options. Although lifestyle behavior changes are recommended for all patients, other options, such as positive airway pressure therapy, oral appliances, implantable therapy, surgery, and pharmacological and oxygen therapies, exist and should be explored as treatment options. Yearly follow-up provides the best method for long-term treatment success. Treatment of OSA reduces the incidence of cardiac comorbidities and improves cardiovascular health.