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Related Concept Videos

Multi-species Conserved Sequences02:51

Multi-species Conserved Sequences

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Next-generation sequencing technologies have created large genomic databases of a variety of animals and plants. Ever since the human genome project was completed, scientists studied the genome of primates, mammals, and other phylogenetically distant living beings. Such large-scale  studies have provided new insights into the evolutionary relationship between organisms.
Although the genome of each species varies greatly from each other, a few sequences are highly conserved. Such conserved...
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Conservation of Protein Domains Over Different Proteins02:26

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Protein domains are small structurally independent units that are part of a single amino acid chain.  Although these domains are often structurally independent, they may rely on synergistic effects to perform their functions as part of a larger protein. Protein domains may be conserved within the same organism, as well as across different organisms.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Isolation of Murine Spermatogenic Cells using a Violet-Excited Cell-Permeable DNA Binding Dye
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Highly conserved sperm function-related transcripts across three species: human, rat and mouse.

Enrica Bianchi1, Angela Stermer2, Timothy Nolan2

  • 1Division of Urology, Rhode Island Hospital, Providence, RI, USA; Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA.

Reproductive Toxicology (Elmsford, N.Y.)
|June 26, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Sperm messenger RNA (mRNA) analysis reveals shared fertility transcripts across species. This discovery enables the development of sperm mRNA biomarkers for predicting male reproductive toxicity, using rodent models as human surrogates.

Keywords:
BiomarkersInfertilitySpermTesticular toxicityTranscriptomes

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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Biology
  • Toxicology
  • Genomics

Background:

  • Current pre-clinical methods for assessing male reproductive toxicity lack translatability to human sperm health.
  • Histopathology of the testis and epididymis shows poor correlation with human sperm parameters and reproductive potential.
  • There is a critical need for non-invasive, reliable biomarkers to monitor the effects of environmental and therapeutic agents on male fertility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify conserved sperm transcriptomic similarities across species (mouse, rat, human) that can serve as biomarkers for male reproductive toxicity.
  • To evaluate the potential of using rodent models as surrogates for human reproductive toxicity assessments.
  • To explore the utility of sperm messenger RNA (mRNA) sequencing for predicting male reproductive health.

Main Methods:

  • Semen specimens were collected from humans (aged 18-55, proven fertility) and rodents (mouse, rat).
  • Sperm RNA was extracted using an optimized protocol, followed by polyA-purified mRNA sequencing.
  • Bioinformatics analyses, including differential abundance and gene set enrichment, were performed on transcriptomic data.

Main Results:

  • Transcriptome profiling identified 6,684 similarly expressed transcripts across mouse, rat, and human sperm.
  • Of these, 1,579 transcripts were significantly associated with spermatogenic functions.
  • While sperm transcriptomes are species-dependent, key fertility-related similarities were identified.

Conclusions:

  • Sperm mRNA biomarkers hold promise for monitoring male reproductive toxicity.
  • Rodent models can serve as suitable laboratory substitutes for human reproductive toxicity studies.
  • The identified conserved sperm transcripts represent potential targets for assessing male fertility and toxicity.