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Geometric morphometric analysis of growth patterns among facial types
Ryan P Knigge1, Kieran P McNulty2, Heesoo Oh3
1Department of Integrative Biology and Physiology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, Minn; Department of Pathology and Anatomical Sciences, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo; Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, University of Missouri School of Medicine, Columbia, Mo.
Summary
Hyperdivergent facial growth, characterized by restricted maxilla development, increases the risk of Class II malocclusion. Normodivergent and hypodivergent patterns show more similar facial growth trajectories.
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial biology
- Orthodontics
- Developmental biology
Background:
- Extreme vertical facial divergence is linked to dental malocclusion and orofacial functional issues.
- Understanding facial growth patterns is crucial for effective clinical treatment of vertical facial divergence.
- This study analyzes longitudinal cephalometric data to compare growth in different facial types.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate and compare facial growth patterns from childhood to adulthood across three classifications of vertical facial divergence.
- To identify specific growth trajectories associated with hyperdivergent, normodivergent, and hypodivergent facial types.
Main Methods:
- Longitudinal lateral cephalograms from 371 participants (ages 6-20) were analyzed.
- Participants were classified into hyperdivergent, normodivergent, or hypodivergent based on adult mandibular plane angle (MPA).
- Geometric morphometrics and multivariate regression were used to analyze growth trajectories.
Main Results:
- Distinct growth trajectories were observed among the three facial types.
- Hyperdivergent growth involves downward rotation of the maxillomandibular complex and increased lower anterior face growth.
- Normodivergent and hypodivergent groups show stable maxilla positioning and mandibular forward rotation, with hyperdivergent maxilla and mandible becoming relatively shorter and posteriorly positioned with age.
Conclusions:
- Restricted maxillary growth and positioning in hyperdivergent individuals contribute to a higher risk of Class II malocclusion.
- Future research will explore growth patterns within each facial divergence classification.
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