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Unmasking Mildew Resistance Locus O.

Catherine N Jacott1, Christopher J Ridout1, Jeremy D Murray2

  • 1Crop Genetics Department, John Innes Centre, Norwich Research Park, Norwich NR4 7UH, UK.

Trends in Plant Science
|June 27, 2021
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Summary

Loss of Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) genes in barley provides resistance to powdery mildew. These MLO proteins are also vital for beneficial fungal interactions and sensory processes, suggesting a role in external stimulus perception.

Keywords:
ROS signalingbiotrophycalcium signalingmildew resistance locus Osymbiosistouch stimulus

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Area of Science:

  • Plant pathology
  • Molecular biology
  • Plant-microbe interactions

Background:

  • Loss of Mildew Resistance Locus O (MLO) in barley confers durable resistance to powdery mildew fungi.
  • MLO is a susceptibility factor but is widely recognized for conferring powdery mildew resistance.
  • MLO proteins are implicated in beneficial symbiotic interactions with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi and fungal endophytes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the broader role of MLO proteins beyond powdery mildew resistance.
  • To explore the involvement of MLOs in symbiotic interactions and sensory processes.
  • To propose a unified biochemical function for MLOs in plant-microbe interactions and development.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review and synthesis of existing research on MLO functions.
  • Analysis of MLO involvement in biotrophic fungal interactions and symbiosis.
  • Examination of MLO roles in plant sensory processes like fertilization and thigmotropism.

Main Results:

  • MLO proteins are crucial for biotrophic interactions, including pathogen susceptibility and symbiotic associations.
  • MLO proteins play roles in essential plant sensory processes, such as fertilization and response to touch.
  • Evidence suggests MLOs perceive external stimuli across various plant tissues and processes.

Conclusions:

  • MLO proteins have a conserved role in mediating plant responses to external stimuli.
  • A unified biochemical function for MLOs, potentially involving reactive oxygen species (ROS) and calcium regulation, is proposed.
  • Understanding MLOs offers insights into plant immunity, symbiosis, and developmental processes.