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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

In Vivo Protocol of Controlled Subconcussive Head Impacts for the Validation of Field Study Data

Published on: April 18, 2019

Reference Values for the Headache Impact Test-6 Questionnaire.

Megan N Houston¹, Haley A Bookbinder¹, Sean P Roach²

¹Department of Orthopaedic Research, Keller Army Community Hospital, West Point, NY.

Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation

|June 27, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

This study found that female cadets and those with a history of headaches reported higher Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) scores, indicating a greater impact on quality of life. These factors, along with concussion history and sport level, are crucial for interpreting HIT-6 results in young, active populations.

Keywords:

Concussion Health-related quality of life Patient-reported outcomes Rehabilitation

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Area of Science:

Sports Medicine
Neurology
Public Health

Background:

The Headache Impact Test-6 (HIT-6) is a key tool for assessing headache-related quality of life.
Establishing reference values in specific populations, like young athletes, is essential for accurate interpretation.
Understanding factors influencing HIT-6 scores can improve patient care and research.

Purpose of the Study:

To establish reference values for the HIT-6 in a young, physically active cohort.
To investigate the impact of sex, concussion history, headache history, and competitive sport level on HIT-6 scores.

Main Methods:

A cross-sectional study involving 2678 United States Service Academy cadets.
Participants completed the HIT-6 questionnaire as part of their annual concussion baseline assessment.
Statistical analyses (Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis tests) were used to examine score variations.

Main Results:

Female participants reported significantly worse HIT-6 scores than males, irrespective of concussion history.
A history of headaches was associated with worse HIT-6 scores in both sexes.
Female intramural athletes reported worse HIT-6 scores compared to female intercollegiate athletes.

Conclusions:

This study provides the first stratification of HIT-6 data by sex, concussion history, headache history, and sport level in a collegiate population.
Sex and headache history significantly influence HIT-6 scores.
These factors require careful consideration when interpreting quality of life deficits related to headaches in this demographic.