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Brain morphometry in adults with gambling disorder.

Amy E Bouchard1, Maya Dickler1, Emmanuelle Renauld1

  • 1Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences, Faculty of Medicine, Université Laval, 2325 rue de l'Université, Quebec City, Quebec, G1V 0A6, Canada; CERVO Brain Research Centre, Centre intégré universitaire de santé et de services sociaux de la Capitale-Nationale, 2301 avenue D'Estimauville, Quebec City, Quebec, G1E 1T2, Canada.

Journal of Psychiatric Research
|June 27, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Brain morphometry in Gambling Disorder reveals thinner prefrontal cortex and altered occipital and subcortical regions. These brain changes correlate with gambling severity and depressive symptoms, offering insights for treatment.

Keywords:
Gambling disorderPrefrontal cortexSurface-based morphometry

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Psychiatry
  • Radiology

Background:

  • Gambling Disorder (GD) brain substrates, including surface morphometry, remain poorly understood.
  • Understanding GD neurobiology is crucial for developing effective therapeutic targets.
  • Existing research lacks comprehensive analysis of brain morphometry linked to GD's clinical profile.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate surface-based brain morphometry differences in patients with Gambling Disorder compared to healthy controls.
  • To assess the clinical relevance of observed morphometric variations in relation to gambling severity, duration, impulsivity, and depression.

Main Methods:

  • Compared brain volume, surface area, and thickness in 17 GD patients against a large normative database (2713 cortical, 2790 subcortical scans).
  • Utilized validated scales: South Oaks Gambling Screen, Barratt Impulsiveness Scale, Beck Depression Inventory.
  • Correlated morphometric data with gambling severity, duration, impulsivity, and depressive symptoms.

Main Results:

  • Patients with GD exhibited thinner prefrontal and parietal cortices.
  • Increased volume and thickness were observed in occipital and entorhinal cortices.
  • Greater subcortical region volumes were found in GD patients compared to controls.
  • Positive correlations emerged between occipital region surface area and depressive symptoms.

Conclusions:

  • Gambling Disorder is associated with distinct surface and subcortical brain morphometry alterations.
  • These neurobiological findings resemble patterns seen in substance use disorders and Internet Gaming Disorder.
  • Characterizing GD's brain substrates provides a foundation for targeted treatment strategies.