Early postoperative effects of kidney transplantation on the cardiovascular system in our clinical practice

Andrea Daragó1, Gerda Schwegler1, Eszter Szabó2

  • 11 Debreceni Egyetem, Általános Orvostudományi Kar, Klinikai Központ, Kardiológiai Intézet, Kardiológiai Tanszék, Debrecen, Móricz Zs. krt. 22., 4032.

Orvosi Hetilap
|June 27, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Kidney transplantation significantly improves cardiovascular health by reducing left ventricular diameter and atrial size, decreasing arrhythmias and mitral regurgitation. However, it led to increased valvular calcification in diabetic patients.

Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Nephrology
  • Transplantation Medicine

Background:

  • Cardiovascular disease is a leading cause of mortality in dialysis and kidney transplant patients.
  • Risk factors include left ventricular hypertrophy, volume overload, arrhythmias, valvular insufficiency, and atherosclerosis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of kidney transplantation on left ventricular pump function.
  • To assess changes in arrhythmia-inducing factors and valvular heart diseases post-transplantation.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of 184 adult kidney transplant recipients.
  • Echocardiographic, laboratory, and medication data were collected preoperatively and at 6 and 12 months postoperatively.
  • Statistical analysis included chi-square/Fisher's exact test and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (p<0.05 significance).

Main Results:

  • Left ventricular end-systolic diameter decreased significantly post-transplant (34.67 mm to 31.82 mm at 6 months, p=0.01).
  • Stroke prevalence reduced from 7.87% preoperatively to 0% postoperatively (p<0.001).
  • Left atrial diameter (p=0.04) and potassium levels (p<0.01) improved; moderate mitral regurgitation decreased (p=0.03).
  • Valvular calcification increased in diabetic patients post-transplant (45% to 60% at 12 months, p=0.024).

Conclusions:

  • Kidney transplantation leads to regression of left atrial and left ventricular dimensions, reducing arrhythmia frequency.
  • Significant improvement was observed in moderate mitral regurgitation.
  • A notable increase in valvular calcification was observed within the diabetic population post-transplantation.

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