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Air Quality Monitoring During High-Level Biocontainment Ground Transport: Observations From Two Operational

Audrey Dang¹, Brent Williams¹, William D Warsing²

¹Center for Aerosol Science and Engineering, Department of Energy, Environmental, and Chemical Engineering, Washington University in St. Louis, MO, USA.

Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness

|June 28, 2021

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Air quality inside transport isolators can be compromised, with CO2 levels rising significantly. Ensuring adequate ventilation is crucial for patient safety during transport of infectious disease patients.

Keywords:

Ebola virus disease air quality biocontainment emergency medical services transport isolator

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Area of Science:

Biocontainment and infectious disease transport.
Environmental monitoring and risk assessment.

Background:

Stretcher transport isolators are used for mobile biocontainment of patients with highly infectious diseases outside hospitals.
Air quality within these confined spaces may present health risks to occupants.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess air quality within stretcher transport isolators during simulated transport.
To evaluate the impact of blower failure on air quality.
To develop a model for predicting CO2 and H2O concentrations.

Main Methods:

Monitoring of ambient air temperature, relative humidity, and CO2 concentration within an isolator during two operational exercises with healthy volunteers.
Simulation of blower unit failure.
Development of a simple compartmental model to predict CO2 and H2O concentrations.

Main Results:

Elevated CO2 and H2O concentrations were observed in both exercises, reaching steady-state values.
Simulated blower failure led to CO2 concentrations exceeding 10,000 ppm within 8 minutes.
The compartmental model accurately predicted CO2 and H2O concentrations based on human emissions and ventilation rates.

Conclusions:

Air quality, particularly CO2 accumulation, within stretcher transport isolators requires attention.
Adequate ventilation is essential to prevent the buildup of CO2 and other bioeffluents.
Optimizing air quality is necessary for enhancing patient safety during transport.