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Leptin and adiponectin concentrations in infants with low birth weight: relationship with maternal health and

Juliana Fernandez Santana-Meneses1, Fabíola I Suano-Souza1,2, Maria do Carmo Franco1

  • 1Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Escola Paulista de Medicina, Pediatrics Department, São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil.

Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease
|June 28, 2021
PubMed

Insights

Low birth weight (LBW) infants show early changes in leptin and adiponectin, influenced by maternal nutrition and infant growth. These hormonal shifts may increase their risk of developing chronic non-communicable diseases later in life.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatrics
  • Endocrinology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Infant health significantly impacts long-term risk for chronic non-communicable diseases (NCDs).
  • Leptin and adiponectin play crucial roles in metabolic regulation.
  • Understanding hormonal profiles in low birth weight (LBW) infants is vital for early intervention.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To determine leptin and adiponectin concentrations in LBW infants.
  • To explore associations between these hormones and maternal nutritional status, gestational age adequacy, postnatal weight gain, and current diet.
  • To identify early risk factors for NCDs in LBW infants.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study of 54 LBW infants aged 9-12 months.
  • Collected data on maternal background, pre-pregnancy nutrition, infant anthropometry (birth and current), nutritional recovery, dietary intake, and blood leptin/adiponectin levels.
  • Analyzed associations using statistical methods, considering factors like small for gestational age (SGA) status and pre-gestational BMI.

Main Results:

  • LBW infants exhibited altered leptin and adiponectin concentrations.
  • Small for gestational age (SGA) infants showed faster weight recovery, higher leptin levels, and increased leptin/adiponectin ratios.
  • Higher maternal pre-gestational BMI modified the relationship between weight-for-age z-score (WAZ) and leptin levels in LBW infants.

Conclusions:

  • LBW infants experience early hormonal changes (leptin, adiponectin) influenced by maternal, intrauterine, and postnatal factors.
  • These early metabolic alterations may predispose LBW infants to an increased risk of NCDs.
  • Maternal pre-gestational BMI is a significant factor in modulating hormonal profiles in LBW infants.

Keywords:
Infantadipokineslow birth weightoverweight

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