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Updated: Nov 1, 2025

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Continuous Family Access to the Intensive Care Unit: A Mixed Method Exploratory Study.

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Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine : Peer-Reviewed, Official Publication of Indian Society of Critical Care Medicine
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Patients and families prefer unrestricted visitation in intensive care units (ICUs), while healthcare workers favor restricted policies. This study highlights differing satisfaction levels with ICU visitation policies.

Keywords:
Intensive care unitMixed methodVisiting policy

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Area of Science:

  • Critical Care Medicine
  • Patient Experience
  • Healthcare Policy

Background:

  • Intensive care unit (ICU) visitation policies have historically been restrictive due to infection control and staff concerns.
  • However, ICU stays are stressful for patients and families, and family presence may offer comfort.
  • This study explores contrasting views on ICU visitation policies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare the perspectives of healthcare workers (HCWs) and patients' family members on restricted versus unrestricted ICU visitation.
  • To assess satisfaction levels associated with different visitation policies.

Main Methods:

  • A mixed-methods approach combining qualitative (grounded theory interviews) and quantitative (structured proforma) investigations.
  • Interviews were conducted with 86 stakeholders: 15 doctors, 29 nurses, 18 patients, and 24 family members.
  • Statistical analysis (Chi-square test) was used to determine associations, with p <0.05 considered significant. Satisfaction was measured on a Likert scale.

Main Results:

  • Healthcare workers (HCWs) predominantly preferred restricted visitation policy (RVP) (92.8% nurses, 85.7% doctors satisfied).
  • Patients and their families favored unrestricted visitation policy (UVP) (92.3% relatives, 87.5% patients satisfied).
  • HCWs (75.9% nurses, 93.3% doctors) advocated for RVP, while patients and families (75% families, 66.6% patients) preferred UVP.

Conclusions:

  • Patients and their families reported higher satisfaction with unrestricted visitation policies in the ICU.
  • Healthcare workers expressed skepticism towards UVP and preferred traditional restricted visitation policies.
  • The findings indicate a significant divergence in preferences regarding ICU visitation between patients/families and HCWs.