Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Improved Chemosensitivity in Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: The Synergistic Effects of S-Adenosylmethionine and Cabazitaxel.

Cancer medicine·2026

Same author

Exploration of Deep Learning Methods for Synthetic T2-Weighted Pelvic MRI Generation from CT Scans: A Technical Feasibility Study.

Journal of imaging informatics in medicine·2026

Same author

Xanthohumol modulate autophagy and ER stress to counteract stemness and enhance cisplatin efficacy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma.

Scientific reports·2025

Same author

Enhancing Autism Spectrum Disorder identification in multi-site MRI imaging: A multi-head cross-attention and multi-context approach for addressing variability in un-harmonized data.

Artificial intelligence in medicine·2024

Same author

The crosstalk between primary MSCs and cancer cells in 2D and 3D cultures: potential therapeutic strategies and impact on drug resistance.

Stem cells translational medicine·2024

Same author

A small-molecule probe to decipher stress-induced ER microenvironments and ER-Golgi communication.

Journal of materials chemistry. B·2024

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Published on: December 15, 2023

A Systematic Review on AI-based Proctoring Systems: Past, Present and Future.

Aditya Nigam¹, Rhitvik Pasricha¹, Tarishi Singh¹

¹Computer Engineering Department, Mukesh Patel School of Technology Management & Engineering, NMIMS University, Mumbai, India.

Education and Information Technologies

|June 28, 2021

Summary

AI-based proctoring systems (AIPS) are rapidly growing in online education. This review highlights significant security and ethical concerns, urging a balance between benefits and risks for responsible implementation.

Keywords:

AI AIPS Artificial Intelligence Exams Online learning Online proctoring Proctoring system

More Related Videos

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Author Spotlight: Addressing Technical and Subjective Challenges in Measuring Classroom Attention

Published on: December 15, 2023

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Multimodal Protocol for Assessing Metacognition and Self-Regulation in Adults with Learning Difficulties

Published on: September 27, 2020

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

A Cross-Disciplinary and Multi-Modal Experimental Design for Studying Near-Real-Time Authentic Examination Experiences

Published on: September 4, 2019

Area of Science:

Educational Technology
Artificial Intelligence in Education
Assessment and Evaluation

Background:

The rapid shift to online education, accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic, has increased the adoption of online proctoring systems (OPS).
AI-based proctoring systems (AIPS) are gaining prominence, offering automated solutions for maintaining exam integrity.
Concerns regarding data privacy, ethical implications, and user trust are emerging within the student community.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review existing AI and non-AI-based online proctoring systems.
To analyze the architecture, parameters, trends, and issues of AIPS.
To investigate the human and technological aspects impacting AIPS and OPS.

Main Methods:

Systematic literature search conducted on Scopus, Web of Science, and ERIC repositories.
Selection of 43 papers published between 2015 and 2021.
Analysis focused on four primary research questions regarding AIPS architecture, parameters, trends, issues, and future.

Main Results:

Security and privacy concerns are escalating issues in AIPS.
Key challenges include ethical considerations, trust in AI, inadequate user training, and cost.
A significant gap exists in comprehensive analyses of AIPS and OPS.

Conclusions:

The benefits of AIPS and OPS must be carefully weighed against their multiplying risks.
Ethical justification requires a rigorous balance between technological capabilities and user concerns.
Future advancements in AIPS and OPS need to address human and technological factors for responsible integration into online education.