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Characterization of Stormwater Runoff Based on Microbial Source Tracking Methods.

Silvia Monteiro1, Gaspar Queiroz2, Filipa Ferreira2

  • 1Laboratório Análises, Tecnico Lisboa, University of Lisbon, Lisbon, Portugal.

Frontiers in Microbiology
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Urban stormwater runoff carries significant fecal contamination from human and animal sources. This study highlights the direct risk posed by street runoff to environmental waters and public health.

Keywords:
fecal contaminationmicrobial source trackingmitochondrial DNAstormwaterurban environment

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Microbiology
  • Urban Hydrology

Background:

  • Urban runoff deteriorates water quality by transporting pollutants, including pathogenic microorganisms, into waterways.
  • Fecal matter enters storm drains, contaminating environmental waters, but stormwater itself is understudied.
  • Existing research often analyzes contaminated drainage pipes or post-rainfall environmental waters, not direct street runoff.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To monitor stormwater collected directly from streets for fecal indicator bacteria (FIB).
  • To identify potential sources of fecal contamination (human, cats, dogs) in urban runoff.
  • To analyze the relationship between precipitation, contamination levels, and urban land use.

Main Methods:

  • Collected stormwater samples directly from street-level storm drains in Lisbon, Portugal.
  • Analyzed samples for the presence of fecal indicator bacteria (FIB).
  • Utilized source tracking to identify human, feline, and canine fecal origins.

Main Results:

  • High concentrations of fecal contamination were detected in stormwater samples.
  • A significant percentage of samples indicated at least one source of fecal contamination.
  • A strong correlation was observed between precipitation levels and the number of detected contamination sources.

Conclusions:

  • Urban stormwater runoff is heavily contaminated with fecal matter from both human and animal origins before entering drainage systems.
  • This direct street runoff poses a substantial risk to environmental health and human safety.
  • The findings are critical for water reuse strategies, emphasizing the need for disinfection treatments.