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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis: a concise narrative review

Hamza Elhamzaoui1, Houssam Rebahi1, Abdelhamid Hachimi1

  • 1Critical Care Department, Mohammed VIth University Hospital of Marrakech, Cadi Ayyad University, Marrakech, Morocco.

The Pan African Medical Journal
|June 28, 2021
PubMed

Insights

The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) causes COVID-19, a global pandemic affecting multiple organs. This study details the pathogenesis of this novel zoonotic coronavirus disease.

Area of Science:

  • Virology
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Pathology

Background:

  • The emergence of SARS-CoV-2, the third zoonotic coronavirus, has led to a global pandemic.
  • As of May 10th, 2020, over four million cases of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) have been reported worldwide.
  • COVID-19 is known to affect multiple organs and systems within the human body.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the pathogenic mechanisms of COVID-19.
  • To provide a comprehensive understanding of how SARS-CoV-2 affects the human organism.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of existing studies on SARS-CoV-2 and COVID-19 pathogenesis.
  • Analysis of clinical and epidemiological data related to COVID-19.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 enters host cells via the ACE2 receptor, initiating viral replication.
  • The virus triggers an inflammatory response, leading to multi-organ damage.
  • Pathological findings include pneumonia, acute respiratory distress syndrome, and potential cardiac and neurological complications.

Conclusions:

  • Understanding the pathogenesis of COVID-19 is crucial for developing effective treatments and control strategies.
  • The complex multi-organ involvement highlights the systemic nature of SARS-CoV-2 infection.
  • Further research into viral-host interactions is needed to combat the pandemic.

Keywords:
COVID-19CoronavirusSARS-CoV-2pathogenesis

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