Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Longitudinal Research02:20

Longitudinal Research

12.8K
Sometimes we want to see how people change over time, as in studies of human development and lifespan. When we test the same group of individuals repeatedly over an extended period of time, we are conducting longitudinal research. Longitudinal research is a research design in which data-gathering is administered repeatedly over an extended period of time. For example, we may survey a group of individuals about their dietary habits at age 20, retest them a decade later at age 30, and then again...
12.8K
Longitudinal Studies01:26

Longitudinal Studies

297
Longitudinal studies are also widely used in other medical and social science fields. For instance, in cardiovascular research, they can monitor patients' health over decades to identify risk factors for heart disease, such as high cholesterol or smoking, and evaluate the long-term effectiveness of preventive measures. Similarly, in mental health studies, researchers might follow individuals from adolescence into adulthood to understand the development and progression of conditions like...
297
Confounding in Epidemiological Studies01:27

Confounding in Epidemiological Studies

330
Confounding in statistical epidemiology represents a pivotal challenge, referring to the distortion in the perceived relationship between an exposure and an outcome due to the presence of a third variable, known as a confounder. This variable is associated with both the exposure and the outcome but is not a direct link in their causal chain. Its presence can lead to erroneous interpretations of the exposure's effect, either exaggerating or underestimating the true association. This...
330
Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies01:11

Bioavailability Study Design: Single Versus Multiple Dose Studies

47
Bioavailability studies are essential for understanding how a drug is absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body. These studies assess the extent and rate at which the active pharmaceutical agent becomes available at the site of action. The design of bioavailability studies can involve single-dose or multiple-dose regimens, each with distinct advantages and limitations.Single-dose studies are the preferred approach due to their simplicity and reduced drug exposure for...
47
Study Designs in Epidemiology01:20

Study Designs in Epidemiology

560
Epidemiological study designs are fundamental tools for investigating the distribution, determinants, and control of health conditions in populations. They help researchers understand the relationships between exposures and outcomes, and they broadly fall into two categories: "observational" and "experimental" studies.
Observational studies are those where the researcher does not intervene but rather observes natural variations. They include cross-sectional, cohort, and...
560
Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients01:15

Bioavailability Study Design: Healthy Subjects Versus Patients

33
Bioavailability studies are essential for evaluating a drug's therapeutic efficacy and understanding its absorption patterns under various physiological conditions. Conducting such studies on target patient populations provides more relevant data by simulating real-world disease states. However, practical challenges often necessitate the use of young, healthy adult volunteers as study subjects.Patients may exhibit altered drug absorption patterns due to the effects of the disease itself,...
33

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Compressing neonatal-perinatal medicine fellowship training: a critical appraisal of the American Board of Pediatrics proposed 2-year pathway.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

Measuring the impact of introducing a new video laryngoscope on intubation success and safety among extremely low birthweight infants.

Journal of perinatology : official journal of the California Perinatal Association·2026
Same author

Effect of the Rate of Glucose Consumption on the Total Peroxyl Radical Trapping Antioxidant Potential (TRAP) of Plasma in Overweight Men and Women: A Randomized Trial.

Antioxidants (Basel, Switzerland)·2026
Same author

Fellow-led case-based curriculum to improve pediatric resident education in the neonatal intensive care unit.

BMC medical education·2026
Same author

Methods to design, adapt and apply equity-focused implementation science theories, models and frameworks in healthcare systems: a scoping review.

Implementation science communications·2026
Same author

Combining abdominal ultrasound and radiography for surgical risk stratification in necrotising enterocolitis: a prospective cohort pilot study.

Archives of disease in childhood. Fetal and neonatal edition·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Efficient and Robust Software for Automated Fusion of Multiple Preclinical Imaging Modalities
07:13

Author Spotlight: An Efficient and Robust Software for Automated Fusion of Multiple Preclinical Imaging Modalities

Published on: October 27, 2023

1.4K

Milestone Level Changes From Residency to Fellowship: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Taylor Sawyer1, Megan Gray2, Shilpi Chabra3

  • 1is Associate Fellowship Director, Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, University of Washington School of Medicine.

Journal of Graduate Medical Education
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Milestone levels in medical education do not show a linear progression. Trainees experience a reset of their Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones upon transitioning from general pediatrics residency to neonatal-perinatal medicine fellowship.

More Related Videos

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
11:21

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

8.4K
A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
04:24

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Published on: April 19, 2019

12.0K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Nov 1, 2025

Author Spotlight: An Efficient and Robust Software for Automated Fusion of Multiple Preclinical Imaging Modalities
07:13

Author Spotlight: An Efficient and Robust Software for Automated Fusion of Multiple Preclinical Imaging Modalities

Published on: October 27, 2023

1.4K
Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data
11:21

Methodology for Establishing a Community-Wide Life Laboratory for Capturing Unobtrusive and Continuous Remote Activity and Health Data

Published on: July 27, 2018

8.4K
A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program
04:24

A Novel Digital Platform for a Monitored Home-based Cardiac Rehabilitation Program

Published on: April 19, 2019

12.0K

Area of Science:

  • Medical Education
  • Graduate Medical Training
  • Neonatal-Perinatal Medicine Fellowship

Background:

  • The Next Accreditation System relies on educational Milestones.
  • Understanding Milestone changes during residency to fellowship transitions is limited.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the Accreditation Council for Graduate Medical Education (ACGME) Milestones' capacity for tracking professional development.
  • Assessing the linear progression from general pediatrics residency to neonatal-perinatal medicine (NPM) fellowship.

Main Methods:

  • Identified 11 common subcompetencies between general pediatrics residency and NPM fellowship.
  • Extracted Milestone data from the ACGME Accreditation Data System for 89 subjects.
  • Utilized mixed-effects models to analyze intra-individual Milestone score changes.

Main Results:

  • Analyzed 1905 subcompetency Milestone levels.
  • Fellowship Milestone levels were significantly lower than final residency levels (2.51 vs 3.99).
  • Milestone scores decreased by an average of -1.49 upon transition.

Conclusions:

  • Milestone levels reset during the transition from residency to fellowship.
  • The ACGME Milestones do not provide a linear trajectory of professional development in this context.