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Related Experiment Videos

Deoxyribonucleic acid cytometry helps identify parathyroid carcinomas.

K E Levin1, K L Chew, B M Ljung

  • 1Veterans Administration Medical Center, San Francisco, California 94121.

The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology and Metabolism
|October 1, 1988
PubMed
Summary

Distinguishing parathyroid carcinoma from adenoma can be challenging. DNA cytometry, a method measuring nuclear DNA content, can help differentiate these tumors and diagnose carcinoma earlier, even before metastasis.

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Area of Science:

  • Endocrinology
  • Oncology
  • Pathology

Background:

  • Distinguishing parathyroid carcinoma from adenoma is clinically challenging based on traditional methods.
  • Parathyroid adenomas can occasionally metastasize, indicating a misdiagnosis of carcinoma.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate if nuclear DNA content, measured by DNA cytometry, correlates with the clinical course and pathology of parathyroid tumors.
  • To determine the utility of DNA cytometry in differentiating parathyroid carcinoma from adenomas.

Main Methods:

  • DNA cytometry was performed on surgical specimens from parathyroid carcinomas, atypical adenomas, hypercalcemic adenomas, typical adenomas, and normal parathyroid glands.
  • Nuclear DNA content was measured using azure A Feulgen staining and an integrating image cytometer, with results plotted as histograms.

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  • Adjusted optical density (AOD) values were used to estimate DNA content.

    • Main Results:

    • Parathyroid carcinomas exhibited significantly higher mean nuclear DNA content (24.6 AOD) compared to adenomas (approx. 16 AOD) and normal glands (11.5 AOD).
    • Four of nine carcinomas showed an aneuploid DNA pattern, an abnormality not observed in other groups.
    • Two carcinomas initially diagnosed as atypical adenomas had aneuploid patterns and led to recurrent disease and metastasis.

    Conclusions:

    • DNA cytometry is a valuable tool for differentiating parathyroid carcinomas from adenomas.
    • This method can aid in the early diagnosis of parathyroid carcinoma, even before invasive or metastatic signs appear.