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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Random epigenetic errors, a developmental process, increase genetic variation without disrupting adapted genes. This mechanism, distinct from mutation, enhances evolutionary exploration by creating masquerading genomes under selection.

Keywords:
developmentembodied computational evolutionepigeneticsgenetic variationpopulation genetics

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary biology
  • Developmental biology
  • Computational evolution

Background:

  • Selection reduces genetic variance, limiting evolutionary exploration.
  • Random mutation can disrupt adapted genes and genomes.
  • Alternative mechanisms for generating genetic variation are needed.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate random epigenetic error as a source of genetic variation.
  • To determine if epigenetic error creates 'masquerading genomes' shielded from selection.
  • To test the hypothesis that epigenetic error increases genetic variance independently of mutation.

Main Methods:

  • Simulated embodied evolution of biorobots within a physics engine.
  • Epigenetic error instantiated as transcription error in the genotype-to-phenotype map.
  • Systematic covariation of random mutation and transcription error rates in a factorial design.

Main Results:

  • Increasing transcription error increased final genetic variance in populations.
  • Epigenetic error incurred a fitness cost but acted independently of mutation.
  • Selection for improved behavior increased mean population fitness across error levels.

Conclusions:

  • Random epigenetic errors contribute to genetic variation and evolutionary exploration.
  • Developmental processes can generate genetic variance independently of mutation.
  • Epigenetic errors create masquerading genomes that feedback into population genetic variance.