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Related Concept Videos

Magnetic Fields01:27

Magnetic Fields

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A moving charge or a current creates a magnetic field in the surrounding space, in addition to its electric field. The magnetic field exerts a force on any other moving charge or current that is present in the field. Like an electric field, the magnetic field is also a vector field. At any position, the direction of the magnetic field is defined as the direction in which the north pole of a compass needle points.
A magnetic field is defined by the force that a charged particle experiences...
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Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example01:22

Magnetic Force On Current-Carrying Wires: Example

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In a magnetic field, moving charges encounter a force. If a wire contains these moving charges, i.e., if the wire is carrying a current, then a force acts on the wire as well. Consider a pair of flexible leads holding a wire that is 40 cm long and 10 g in weight in a horizontal position. The wire is placed in a constant magnetic field of 0.40 T, as shown in Figure 1(a). Determine the magnitude and direction of the current flowing in the wire needed to remove the tension in the supporting leads.
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Induced Electric Fields01:23

Induced Electric Fields

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The fact that emfs are induced in circuits implies that work is being done on the conduction electrons in the wires. What can possibly be the source of this work? We know that it’s neither a battery nor a magnetic field, as a battery does not have to be present in a circuit where current is induced, and magnetic fields never do any work on moving charges. The source of the work is in fact an electric field that is induced in the wires. For example, if a stationary conductor is placed in a...
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Magnetic Force On A Current-Carrying Conductor01:25

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Moving charges experience a force in a magnetic field. Since the magnetic fields produced by moving charges are proportional to the current, a conductor carrying a current creates a magnetic field around it.
Consider a compass placed near a current-carrying wire. The wire experiences a force that aligns the needle of the compass tangentially around the wire. Thus, the current-carrying wire produces concentric circular loops of magnetic field. The magnetic field generated by a wire can be...
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Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires01:18

Magnetic Field Due to Two Straight Wires

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Consider two parallel straight wires carrying a current of 10 A and 20 A in the same direction and separated by a distance of 20 cm. Calculate the magnetic field at a point "P2", midway between the wires. Also, evaluate the magnetic field when the direction of the current is reversed in the second wire.
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Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop01:16

Magnetic Field Of A Current Loop

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Consider a circular loop with a radius a, that carries a current I. The magnetic field due to the current at an arbitrary point P along the axis of the loop can be calculated using the Biot-Savart law.
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Utilizing Custom-designed Galvanotaxis Chambers to Study Directional Migration of Prostate Cells
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Global feather orientations changed by electric current.

Ting-Xin Jiang1, Ang Li1, Chih-Min Lin1

  • 1Department of Pathology, Keck School of Medicine, University of Southern California, 2011 Zonal Avenue, Los Ángeles, CA 90033, USA.

Iscience
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Exogenous electric fields can alter feather bud orientation during chicken skin development. These bioelectric effects, mediated by the epithelium, involve calcium channels and PI3 Kinase.

Keywords:
biological sciencescell biologydevelopmental biology

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Biology
  • Bioelectricity
  • Tissue Engineering

Background:

  • Feather bud development involves individual polarity and collective orientation.
  • Understanding the role of bioelectricity in developmental processes is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effect of exogenous electric fields on feather bud polarity and orientation.
  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying bioelectric influence on organogenesis.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized embryonic chicken dorsal skin explants.
  • Applied brief exogenous electric current pulses prior to visible bud formation.
  • Performed epithelial-mesenchymal recombination assays.
  • Conducted small-molecule channel inhibitor screens.

Main Results:

  • Electric pulses perpendicular to the rostral-caudal axis induced a collective swirl in bud growth, mimicking an anode-directed field.
  • Altered bud orientation did not affect normal molecular expression or morphogenesis.
  • Exogenous electric field effects are mediated through the epithelium.
  • Calcium (Ca2+) channels and PI3 Kinase were identified as key players in regulating feather bud polarity.

Conclusions:

  • Bioelectricity plays a significant role in establishing global orientation during organ development.
  • Exogenous electric fields can be used to manipulate developmental patterning.
  • The study provides a novel explant culture platform for studying bioelectricity in organ development and regeneration.