Risk factors associated with postpartum depression in a high-risk maternity clinic: a cross-sectional study

Area of Science:

• Obstetrics and Gynecology
• Perinatal Mental Health
• Epidemiology

Background:

• Postpartum depression (PPD) presents a significant challenge for maternal health.
• Identifying obstetric, epidemiological, and social factors is crucial for understanding PPD.
• This study focuses on puerperal women referred to a High-Risk Outpatient Clinic.

Purpose of the Study:

• To evaluate factors associated with postpartum depression (PPD).
• To investigate potential risk factors for PPD in high-risk postpartum women.
• To assess the impact of obstetric, epidemiological, and social variables on PPD development.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional study was conducted from August to December 2019.
• 171 postpartum women completed an epidemiological questionnaire and the Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS).
• Scores of 10 or higher on the EPDS indicated positive PPD screening.

Main Results:

• 29.8% of mothers screened positive for PPD.
• Factors associated with PPD include unplanned pregnancy, personal history of depression, and family history of depression.
• Depression during pregnancy was a significant risk factor, increasing PPD risk by 12 times (OR=12.891).
• Breastfeeding without complications demonstrated a protective effect against PPD (P=0.002).

Conclusions:

• Depression during pregnancy is a critical risk factor for developing postpartum depression.
• The Edinburgh Postpartum Depression Scale (EPDS) is effective for early detection of PPD.
• Timely intervention and treatment are essential for managing PPD.