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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

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Mouse Anesthesia: The Art and Science.

Kaela L Navarro1, Monika Huss1, Jennifer C Smith2

  • 1Department of Comparative Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, California, USA.

ILAR Journal
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Mastering mouse anesthesia is crucial for animal research reproducibility. This review covers anesthetic techniques, monitoring, and complication management for successful procedures.

Keywords:
Mus musculusanesthesiaanimal researchanimal welfarerefinement

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Area of Science:

  • Veterinary Anesthesiology
  • Laboratory Animal Science
  • Research Methodology

Background:

  • Mouse anesthesia is a critical, multi-stage process in animal research.
  • Standardized protocols are essential for legal, ethical, and reproducibility requirements.
  • Oversimplified protocols may not address all complications effectively.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the science and art of mouse anesthesia.
  • To provide practical knowledge for successful anesthetic procedures.
  • To share clinical experiences in inhalant and injectable anesthesia, monitoring, and complication management.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current scientific literature on mouse anesthesia.
  • Inclusion of authors' clinical experiences and recommendations.
  • Focus on peri-anesthetic monitoring and management of complications.

Main Results:

  • Discussion of key principles in mouse anesthesia.
  • Guidance on selecting and administering anesthetic agents.
  • Strategies for managing common anesthetic complications.

Conclusions:

  • Effective mouse anesthesia requires both scientific understanding and practical skill.
  • Adherence to protocols, vigilant monitoring, and adaptive management are vital.
  • This review offers valuable insights for researchers and veterinarians.