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Related Concept Videos

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells01:19

Clinical Applications of Epidermal Stem Cells

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Epidermal stem cells (EpiSCs) are mainly located at the basal layer of the epidermis. These cells repair minor injuries of the skin and replace dead skin cells. However, EpiSCs’ cannot heal severe wounds such as major burns or those from diabetes or hereditary disorders. In such cases, culturing the epidermal stem cells from the patient is possible and has yielded successful treatment options, such as laboratory-grown skin grafts. These grafts are synthesized using a patient’s own...
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Phases of Wound Repair01:28

Phases of Wound Repair

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Following injury, the integrity of the injured tissues must be reestablished. For example, in skin tissue, wound repair involves coordination among resident skin cells, blood mononuclear cells, extracellular matrix, growth factors, and cytokines to complete the healing cascade.
Formation of Blood Clot
In case of deep injuries, trauma to blood vessels results in blood loss. In the meantime, phospholipids released from the ruptured endothelial cellular membrane are converted into arachidonic...
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Reticular Dermis01:15

Reticular Dermis

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The papillary and reticular dermis are the two layers of the dermis. They are made of connective tissue with fibers of collagen extending from one to the other, making the border between the two somewhat indistinct. The dermal papillae extending into the epidermis belong to the papillary layer, whereas the dense collagen fiber bundles below belong to the reticular layer.
Reticular Layer
Underlying the papillary layer is the much thicker reticular layer, composed of dense, irregular connective...
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Papillary Dermis01:11

Papillary Dermis

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Dermis
The dermis might be considered the "core" of the integumentary system, as distinct from the epidermis and hypodermis. It contains blood and lymph vessels, nerves, and other structures, such as hair follicles and sweat glands. The dermis is made of two layers of connective tissue that comprise an interconnected mesh of elastin and collagenous fibers, produced by fibroblasts.
Papillary Layer
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Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells01:12

Renewal of Skin Epidermal Stem Cells

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The skin is divided into epidermis, dermis, and hypodermis, the skin's outermost, middle, and inner layers. The human epidermal layer regularly undergoes renewal, where old, dead cells are replaced by new cells. Epidermal stem cells or EpiSCs divide and differentiate to restore the lost cells. For the renewal process, some EpiSCs continuously self-renew. In contrast, few others differentiate into transit-amplifying cells, which later form prickle or spinous cells, followed by granular...
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Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells01:23

Tissue Renewal without Stem Cells

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After cellular or tissue damage, the resident stem cells present in the human body can locally repair and regenerate the damaged tissue or organ. However, even though some tissues do not have stem cells, they can repair and regenerate with the help of pre-existing cells. For example, beta cells of the pancreas and hepatocytes of the liver can divide to renew and regenerate the tissue. Here, both cell division and cell death are well regulated by homeostasis.
However, failure of such a system...
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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

A Mouse Fetal Skin Model of Scarless Wound Repair
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Striae Distensae: Scars without Wounds.

Mimi R Borrelli1, Michelle Griffin1, Ledibabari Mildred Ngaage1

  • 1From the Hagey Laboratory for Pediatric Regenerative Medicine, Division of Plastic Surgery, Department of Surgery, Stanford University School of Medicine.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Stretch marks (striae distensae) are common skin lesions with unknown causes and no consistently effective treatments. This review covers their etiology, pathophysiology, and current therapeutic options, highlighting the need for further research.

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Pathophysiology
  • Medical Research

Background:

  • Striae distensae, or stretch marks, are prevalent atrophic skin lesions.
  • Histological features include epidermal atrophy and altered connective tissue.
  • Associated factors include hormonal excess, mechanical stress, and genetics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To provide an updated overview of striae distensae.
  • To discuss the etiology and pathophysiology of stretch marks.
  • To review current therapeutic strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of striae distensae.
  • Analysis of etiological factors.
  • Evaluation of pathophysiological mechanisms.
  • Compilation of treatment options.

Main Results:

  • Stretch marks present with epidermal atrophy and dermal changes.
  • Exact pathogenesis remains unclear despite known associations.
  • Numerous treatments exist, but none are universally effective.

Conclusions:

  • Further research is essential to understand stretch mark pathophysiology.
  • Development of targeted and effective treatments is needed.
  • An updated understanding aids in managing striae distensae.