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Related Concept Videos

Sutures of the Skull01:22

Sutures of the Skull

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The human skull is composed of several bones that come together to protect the brain and support the structures of the face. The junctions where these bones meet are called sutures.
Sutures are immobile joints between adjacent bones of the skull. The narrow gap between the bones is filled with dense, fibrous connective tissue that unites the bones. The long sutures located between the skull bones are not straight but instead follow irregular, tightly twisting paths. These twisting lines tightly...
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Overview of the Skull01:08

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The cranium (skull) is the skeletal structure of the head that supports the face and protects the brain. It is subdivided into the facial bones and the brain case, or cranial vault. The facial bones underlie the facial structures, form the nasal cavity, enclose the eyeballs, and support the teeth of the upper and lower jaws.
The cranial vault surrounds and protects the brain and houses the middle and inner ear structures. This cavity is bounded superiorly by the rounded top of the skull, which...
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Cranial Bones: Lateral View01:27

Cranial Bones: Lateral View

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The lateral view of the cranium is dominated by temporal, sphenoid, and ethmoid bones.
The temporal bone forms the lower lateral side of the skull. The temporal bone is subdivided into several regions. The flattened upper portion is the squamous portion of the temporal bone. Below this area and projecting anteriorly is the zygomatic process of the temporal bone, which forms the posterior portion of the zygomatic arch. Posteriorly is the mastoid portion of the temporal bone. Projecting...
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Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View01:14

Cranial Bones: Superior and Posterior View

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The superior view of the cranium shows the frontal and paired parietal bones.
The frontal bone is the single bone that forms the forehead. At its anterior midline, between the eyebrows, there is a slight depression called the glabella. The frontal bone also forms the supraorbital margin of the orbit. Near the middle of this margin is the supraorbital foramen, the opening that provides passage for a sensory nerve to the forehead. The frontal bone is thickened just above each supraorbital margin,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Intravital Longitudinal Imaging of Vascular Dynamics in the Calvarial Bone Marrow
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Decision-Making in Adult Cranial Vault Reconstruction.

Michal Brichacek1, Oleh Antonyshyn1, Glenn Edwards1

  • 1From the Division of Plastic Surgery, Sunnybrook Health Sciences Centre.

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Cranial defects require tailored reconstruction using autologous or alloplastic materials. This guide offers an algorithm for optimal cranial vault repair based on defect characteristics and patient factors.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurosurgery
  • Plastic Surgery
  • Biomaterials Science

Background:

  • Cranial defects arise from trauma, surgery, tumors, or infection.
  • Reconstruction restores skull integrity and appearance.
  • Choosing the right method is crucial for successful outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To define and classify cranial defects.
  • To compare autologous and alloplastic reconstruction options.
  • To develop an optimal approach for cranial vault reconstruction.

Main Methods:

  • Review of autologous and alloplastic cranioplasty techniques.
  • Presentation of a clinical algorithm for defect reconstruction.
  • Comparison of advantages and disadvantages of different methods.

Main Results:

  • Cranioplasty success depends on defect etiology, size, location, and soft-tissue coverage.
  • Autologous grafts offer biological integration but have limitations.
  • Alloplastic materials provide immediate structural support but carry risks.

Conclusions:

  • Cranial vault reconstruction requires careful consideration of multiple factors.
  • An algorithmic approach aids in selecting the optimal cranioplasty technique.
  • The choice between autologous and alloplastic reconstruction is patient-specific.