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Pediatric uveitis: A comprehensive review.

Arash Maleki1, Stephen D Anesi1, Sydney Look-Why1

  • 1Massachusetts Eye Research and Surgery Institution, Waltham, MA, USA; The Ocular Immunology and Uveitis Foundation, Waltham, MA, USA.

Survey of Ophthalmology
|June 28, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Pediatric uveitis, often asymptomatic in children, requires careful monitoring due to risks of vision loss. Early diagnosis and a structured treatment approach are key for managing this condition.

Keywords:
HLA-B27Juvenile idiopathic uveitisPars planitis, pediatric uveitisSarcoidosisSeronegativeTINUToxoplasmosisTubulointerestial nephritis uveitis

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Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Pediatric Rheumatology
  • Immunology

Background:

  • Pediatric uveitis constitutes 5-10% of all uveitis cases.
  • It often presents asymptomatically in children, leading to delayed diagnosis and potential ocular damage.
  • Common causes include idiopathic and juvenile idiopathic arthritis-associated uveitis, with noninfectious etiologies presumed autoimmune or autoinflammatory.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review various aspects of pediatric uveitis.
  • To discuss mechanisms, risk factors, and diagnostic criteria.
  • To outline treatment strategies and monitoring protocols for pediatric uveitis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on pediatric uveitis.
  • Discussion of autoimmune and autoinflammatory mechanisms.
  • Analysis of risk factors for morbidities and application of Standardization of Uveitis Nomenclature (SUN) criteria.

Main Results:

  • Common causes and complications (cataract, glaucoma, amblyopia) are identified.
  • A stepladder treatment approach based on expert opinion is described.
  • Monitoring strategies, including visual acuity and anterior chamber cell count, are highlighted.

Conclusions:

  • Pediatric uveitis requires frequent examination and monitoring until remission.
  • Close follow-up is essential due to potential flare-ups during treatment.
  • Assessing the impact on the child and family, alongside visual function, is crucial.