Development of a method for heat shock stress assessment in yeast based on transcription of specific genes

All living cells, including yeast cells, are challenged by different types of stresses in their environments and must cope with challenges such as heat, chemical stress, or oxidative damage. By reversibly adjusting the physiology while maintaining structural and genetic integrity, cells can achieve a competitive advantage and adapt environmental fluctuations. The yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae has been extensively used as a model for study of stress responses due to the strong conservation of many essential cellular processes between yeast and human cells. We focused here on developing a tool to detect and quantify early responses using specific transcriptional responses. We analyzed the published transcriptional data on S. cerevisiae DBY strain responses to 10 different stresses in different time points. The principal component analysis (PCA) and the Pearson analysis were used to assess the stress response genes that are highly expressed in each individual stress condition. Except for these stress response genes, we also identified the reference genes in each stress condition, which would not be induced under stress condition and show stable transcriptional expression over time. We then tested our candidates experimentally in the CEN.PK strain. After data analysis, we identified two stress response genes (UBI4 and RRP) and two reference genes (MEX67 and SSY1) under heat shock (HS) condition. These genes were further verified by real-time PCR at mild (42°C), severe (46°C), to lethal temperature (50°C), respectively.