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Related Concept Videos

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison01:14

Prevention of Further Absorption of Poison

In cases of acute poisoning, the primary objective is to prevent further absorption of the toxic substance into the body. Immediate interventions using various decontamination techniques targeting the gastrointestinal (GI) tract can achieve this. Decontamination is crucial to prevent poison from entering the systemic circulation, which involves washing affected areas with water and mild soap and removing contaminated clothing. Once external decontamination is done, attention must be turned to...
Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment01:26

Anticholinesterase Agents: Poisoning and Treatment

Anticholinesterases, also known as cholinesterase inhibitors, work by blocking the breakdown of acetylcholine, leading to its accumulation in the synaptic cleft. This accumulation indirectly enhances both muscarinic and nicotinic actions. These agents are classified as reversible or irreversible based on their mechanism of action.     
Irreversible agents form a strong bond with the cholinesterase enzyme, making it inactive. The breakdown of the phosphorylated enzyme is slower than the...
Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions01:24

Drug Toxicity: Dose-Dependent Reactions

Drug toxicities can be stratified into pharmacological, pathological, or genotoxic based on their mechanisms. The incidence and severity of these toxicities generally increase with the drug's concentration in the body and exposure time.Pharmacological toxicity is evident when the therapeutic effects of drugs overshoot into adverse reactions in a predictable, dose-dependent manner. Central nervous system (CNS) depression from barbiturates is a classic example, with effects escalating from...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Potential Scenarios

Pharmaceutical poisoning can occur through various channels, impacting an estimated 2 million hospitalized patients in the U.S. annually with serious adverse drug responses. These scenarios encompass both therapeutic uses, such as drug toxicity, where even standard dosages can lead to severe central nervous system depression, and non-therapeutic exposures, including accidental ingestion by children, and environmental and occupational exposures.Unintentional poisonings often involve exploratory...
Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies01:26

Pharmaceutical Poisoning: Treatment Strategies

Treatment strategies for poisoning are a critical aspect of emergency medicine, focusing on preventing the absorption of toxins and enhancing their elimination. When a poisoning incident occurs, the first response is to halt exposure and decontaminate the patient, particularly through gastrointestinal (GI) methods if the poison was ingested.Gastrointestinal Decontamination Techniques:Activated charcoal is the cornerstone of GI decontamination. It works through adsorption, binding the toxin to...
Diphtheria01:28

Diphtheria

Diphtheria is an acute, toxin-mediated infectious disease that primarily affects the upper respiratory tract. It is caused by Corynebacterium diphtheriae, a Gram-positive, pleomorphic rod that lacks spore-forming capability and exhibits a characteristic club-shaped morphology under microscopic examination. While C. diphtheriae can asymptomatically colonize mucosal surfaces, clinical disease manifests only when the bacterial strain is lysogenized by a specific β-corynephage. This phage...

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High-dose diquat poisoning: a case report.

Yanxia Huang1, Renjing Zhang1, Mei Meng1

  • 1Department of Critical Care Medicine, Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, PR China.

The Journal of International Medical Research
|June 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

Diquat herbicide poisoning is rising, with a case showing severe respiratory failure, not kidney failure, leading to death. This highlights unique pulmonary lesions requiring further medical attention.

Keywords:
Diquatcase reportherbicidemultiple organ dysfunction syndromepoisoningrespiratory failure

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Area of Science:

  • Toxicology
  • Pulmonology
  • Environmental Health

Background:

  • Diquat herbicide is increasingly used as a paraquat substitute.
  • Diquat poisoning cases are rising, with kidney impairment being common.
  • Multiple organ failure from diquat poisoning is rarely reported.

Observation:

  • A 30-year-old male ingested 160 mL of enriched diquat.
  • The patient developed multiple organ failure despite aggressive treatment.
  • Pulmonary lesions observed were distinct from previously documented cases.

Findings:

  • The patient succumbed to severe respiratory failure, not renal failure.
  • Three distinct stages of pulmonary disease were identified.
  • Unique lung lesions were a prominent feature of this case.

Implications:

  • Increased clinical attention to pulmonary manifestations in diquat poisoning is warranted.
  • Further research into novel treatment strategies for diquat-induced lung injury is necessary.
  • Understanding unique diquat toxicity patterns can improve patient outcomes.