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The Chilean socio-ethno-genomic cline.

E Barozet1, C Y Valenzuela2, L Cifuentes2

  • 1Departamento de Sociología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión, Social, Santiago, Chile.

Biodemography and Social Biology
|June 29, 2021
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Summary

Chilean population genetic studies reveal a detailed socioeconomic-genetic cline. Genomic analysis shows finer Amerindian admixture distribution and differences between Aymara and Mapuche groups, impacting public health policy.

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Area of Science:

  • Population Genetics
  • Human Genomics
  • Sociogenomics

Background:

  • Chilean population primarily results from European (Spanish) and Amerindian admixture.
  • A socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline was established post-conquest, correlating European ancestry with higher socioeconomic status.
  • Previous studies used classical genetic markers; this study employs molecular genomic markers for finer resolution.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To calculate the percentage of Amerindian admixture in the Chilean population using molecular genomic markers.
  • To investigate the finer distribution of the socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline.
  • To explore differences in admixture between Aymara and Mapuche Amerindian groups and their relation to socioeconomic factors.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of molecular genomic markers to determine Amerindian admixture percentages.
  • Comparison of genomic admixture with two socioeconomic classifications: Class and Socioeconomic Level.
  • Evaluation of Self-reported Ethnicity and Self-reported Ancestry in relation to genomic data and socioeconomic status.

Main Results:

  • Revealed a finer distribution of the socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline than previously established.
  • Identified significant differences in Amerindian admixture percentages between Aymara and Mapuche populations.
  • Demonstrated variations in the relationship between socioeconomic classifications, self-reported ethnicity/ancestry, and genomic Amerindian admixture.

Conclusions:

  • Genomic data provide a more nuanced understanding of the Chilean population's genetic and socioeconomic structure.
  • Self-reported ethnicity and ancestry show complex relationships with genomic admixture and socioeconomic status.
  • Consideration of ethnicity, socioeconomic strata, and class is crucial for effective public healthcare policy development in Chile.