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The Chilean socio-ethno-genomic cline
E Barozet1, C Y Valenzuela2, L Cifuentes2
1Departamento de Sociología, Facultad de Ciencias Sociales, Universidad de Chile, Centro de Estudios de Conflicto y Cohesión, Social, Santiago, Chile.
Biodemography and Social Biology
|June 29, 2021
Summary
Chilean population genetic studies reveal a detailed socioeconomic-genetic cline. Genomic analysis shows finer Amerindian admixture distribution and differences between Aymara and Mapuche groups, impacting public health policy.
Area of Science:
- Population Genetics
- Human Genomics
- Sociogenomics
Background:
- Chilean population primarily results from European (Spanish) and Amerindian admixture.
- A socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline was established post-conquest, correlating European ancestry with higher socioeconomic status.
- Previous studies used classical genetic markers; this study employs molecular genomic markers for finer resolution.
Purpose of the Study:
- To calculate the percentage of Amerindian admixture in the Chilean population using molecular genomic markers.
- To investigate the finer distribution of the socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline.
- To explore differences in admixture between Aymara and Mapuche Amerindian groups and their relation to socioeconomic factors.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of molecular genomic markers to determine Amerindian admixture percentages.
- Comparison of genomic admixture with two socioeconomic classifications: Class and Socioeconomic Level.
- Evaluation of Self-reported Ethnicity and Self-reported Ancestry in relation to genomic data and socioeconomic status.
Main Results:
- Revealed a finer distribution of the socioeconomic-ethno-genetic cline than previously established.
- Identified significant differences in Amerindian admixture percentages between Aymara and Mapuche populations.
- Demonstrated variations in the relationship between socioeconomic classifications, self-reported ethnicity/ancestry, and genomic Amerindian admixture.
Conclusions:
- Genomic data provide a more nuanced understanding of the Chilean population's genetic and socioeconomic structure.
- Self-reported ethnicity and ancestry show complex relationships with genomic admixture and socioeconomic status.
- Consideration of ethnicity, socioeconomic strata, and class is crucial for effective public healthcare policy development in Chile.
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