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10:03
Swab Sampling Method for the Detection of Human Norovirus on Surfaces
Published on: February 6, 2017
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Understanding norovirus reporting patterns in England: a mixed model approach.
N Ondrikova1,2, H E Clough3,4, N A Cunliffe3,5
1Institute of Infection, Veterinary and Ecological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK. nikola.ondrikova@liverpool.ac.uk.
BMC Public Health
|June 29, 2021
Summary
Norovirus reporting in England shows significant variation by age and region due to mild illness and surveillance gaps. Understanding this under-reporting is key for better disease management and forecasting tools.
Area of Science:
- Epidemiology
- Infectious Disease Surveillance
Background:
- Norovirus is the leading global cause of gastroenteritis but is under-reported in England.
- Mild, self-limiting illness and passive surveillance contribute to under-reporting.
- Investigated heterogeneity in norovirus reporting and laboratory testing practices.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate heterogeneity in norovirus passive surveillance.
- To improve understanding of reporting and laboratory testing variations.
- To inform better norovirus disease risk management.
Main Methods:
- Utilized a multivariate negative binomial model to analyze norovirus reporting patterns.
- Examined age and geographical variations in England.
- Compared multiple model formulations using proper scoring rules for prediction accuracy.
Main Results:
- Identified significant variability in norovirus reporting across English regions and age groups.
- Atypically high and low reporting rates were observed compared to the national average.
- Young children exhibited the highest variability in reporting, with notable regional differences.
Conclusions:
- Substantial regional and age-related variability exists in norovirus reporting in England.
- Findings emphasize the need to account for reporting uncertainty in norovirus forecasting models.
- Results can guide the development of targeted risk management strategies for norovirus.
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