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A High-Throughput Multiplexed Screening for Type 1 Diabetes, Celiac Diseases, and COVID-19
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Paediatric rotavirus vaccination, coeliac disease and type 1 diabetes in children: a population-based cohort study

Thomas Inns1,2, Kate M Fleming3, Miren Iturriza-Gomara2,4,5

  • 1St Helens and Knowsley Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Merseyside, UK.

BMC Medicine
|June 29, 2021
PubMed

Insights

UK rotavirus vaccination does not prevent coeliac disease (CD) or type 1 diabetes (T1D). This large study found no increased risk, confirming rotavirus vaccine safety for children.

Area of Science:

  • Immunization
  • Gastroenterology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Rotavirus infection is a suspected risk factor for coeliac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D).
  • The UK introduced infant rotavirus vaccination in 2013.
  • Previous research indicated potential beneficial off-target effects of rotavirus vaccination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate if rotavirus vaccination prevents CD and T1D in the UK.
  • To assess the association between rotavirus vaccination and the risk of developing CD and T1D.
  • To provide further evidence on the safety profile of rotavirus vaccination.

Main Methods:

  • A cohort study of 880,629 children born between 2010 and 2015 using UK primary care records.
  • Follow-up from 6 months to 7 years, defining CD by diagnosis or gluten-free prescription and T1D by diagnosis.
  • Mixed-effects Cox regression analysis adjusted for confounders to estimate hazard ratios (HRs).

Main Results:

  • Rotavirus vaccination was not associated with a reduced risk of CD (adjusted HR = 1.05, 95% CI 0.86-1.28).
  • No association was found between rotavirus vaccination and the risk of T1D (adjusted HR = 0.89, 95% CI 0.68-1.19).
  • Females had a 40% higher hazard for CD compared to males.

Conclusions:

  • This large cohort study found no evidence that rotavirus vaccination prevents CD or T1D.
  • The findings support the safety of rotavirus vaccination, showing no increased risk for these conditions.
  • Rotavirus vaccination has significantly reduced diarrheal disease globally.
Abstract

Keywords:
Coeliac diseaseCohort studyInfectious diseaseObservation studyRotavirus vaccineSurvival analysisType I diabetesVaccines

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