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Related Concept Videos

Sulfur Assimilation01:20

Sulfur Assimilation

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Sulfur is an essential element in biological systems, contributing to synthesizing key biomolecules, including amino acids such as cysteine and methionine, and cofactors such as coenzyme A and biotin. Microorganisms primarily assimilate sulfur as sulfate (SO₄²⁻) from the environment, which must undergo a series of biochemical transformations before it can be incorporated into cellular components. As sulfate is highly oxidized, it must undergo assimilatory sulfate reduction to...
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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Microbial Nutrition01:28

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Organisms exhibit remarkable metabolic diversity, categorized based on how they acquire energy and carbon. These strategies enable survival in various ecological niches and are essential for maintaining energy flow and nutrient cycling within ecosystems.Energy and Carbon SourcesOrganisms are classified as phototrophs or chemotrophs based on energy acquisition. Phototrophs use light as their energy source, while chemotrophs rely on oxidizing chemical compounds. Further differentiation arises...
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Carbon dioxide fixation in prokaryotes enables the assimilation of inorganic carbon into organic molecules, supporting biosynthetic pathways, sustaining ecosystems, and contributing to the global carbon cycle. It also has industrial applications in carbon capture and bioproduct synthesis. Autotrophic organisms rely on this process to utilize CO₂ as a carbon source in diverse environments.The Calvin CycleThe Calvin cycle is the most widespread carbon fixation mechanism, primarily used by...
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Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
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Bioremediation is the use of prokaryotes, fungi, or plants to remove pollutants from the environment. This process has been used to remove harmful toxins in groundwater as a byproduct of agricultural run-off and also to clean up oil spills.
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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

Development of Sulfidogenic Sludge from Marine Sediments and Trichloroethylene Reduction in an Upflow Anaerobic Sludge Blanket Reactor
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Methane-dependent selenate reduction by a bacterial consortium.

Ling-Dong Shi1, Pan-Long Lv1, Simon J McIlroy2,3

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Microbial communities link methane oxidation to selenate reduction via interspecies electron transfer. This study identifies key bacteria involved in this process, revealing novel microbial interactions in biogeochemical cycles.

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Environmental Science
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Methanotrophic microorganisms control atmospheric methane flux.
  • Methane oxidation couples to various electron acceptors, including selenate.
  • The specific microbes and interactions in methane oxidation-selenate reduction remain unclear.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To identify microbial players and trophic interactions in methane oxidation coupled to selenate reduction.
  • To investigate interspecies electron transfer in a bioreactor community.

Main Methods:

  • Metagenomic and metaproteomic analyses of a bioreactor community.
  • Gene knockout studies in Pseudoxanthomonas isolates.
  • Analysis of protein expression for methane oxidation and selenate reduction.

Main Results:

  • A novel Methylocystis species was the dominant methanotroph, lacking selenate reduction genes.
  • Pseudoxanthomonas, Piscinibacter, and Rhodocyclaceae mediated selenate reduction using methanotroph fermentation by-products.
  • Periplasmic nitrate reductases in Pseudoxanthomonas were confirmed to reduce selenate.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides the first evidence of interspecies electron transfer between bacteria for methane oxidation coupled to selenate reduction.
  • Identified microbial consortia link methane and selenate biogeochemical cycles.
  • Aerobic methanotrophs exhibit metabolic flexibility, enabling survival across oxygen gradients.