Cytarabine-induced pericarditis confirmed using cardiac MRI: A case report
Tony Dong1, Tarek Chami2, Besher Chami3
1Department of Medicine, University Hospitals Cleveland Medical Center, Cleveland, Ohio, USA.
Echocardiography (Mount Kisco, N.Y.)
|June 29, 2021
Summary
Cytarabine chemotherapy can cause pericarditis, a rare heart condition. Cardiac MRI is more accurate than echocardiography for diagnosing this complication, as shown in a case study of acute myeloid leukemia treatment.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Oncology
- Radiology
Background:
- Cytarabine is a chemotherapy agent used for acute myeloid leukemia.
- Pericarditis is a potential, though rare, complication of cytarabine treatment.
- Accurate diagnosis of pericarditis is crucial for patient management.
Observation:
- A 65-year-old patient undergoing cytarabine induction chemotherapy for acute myeloid leukemia developed acute pericarditis.
- Initial diagnostic considerations included echocardiography.
- Cardiac Magnetic Resonance (CMR) imaging was employed for definitive diagnosis.
Findings:
- Cardiac MRI demonstrated key indicators of pericarditis, including pericardial edema on T2-weighted Short Tau Inversion Recovery (STIR) imaging.
- Late gadolinium enhancement in the pericardium was observed, confirming the diagnosis.
- These findings highlight the utility of CMR in diagnosing cytarabine-induced pericarditis.
Implications:
- Cardiac MRI offers superior diagnostic accuracy for pericarditis compared to echocardiography.
- Early and accurate diagnosis of pericarditis can guide treatment adjustments in chemotherapy patients.
- This case underscores the importance of considering cardiac complications during cytarabine therapy.
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