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A Method to Quantify Visual Information Processing in Children Using Eye Tracking
Published on: July 9, 2016
Development of the Parental Questionnaire for Cerebral Visual Impairment in Children Younger than 72 Months
Jin Hwa Moon1, Gun Ha Kim2, Sung Koo Kim3
1Department of Pediatrics, Hanyang University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Insights
A new parental questionnaire for cerebral visual impairment (PQCVI) shows reliable responses in children under six years old. Early screening for cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is crucial, as indicated by rapid score increases before age three.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric ophthalmology
- Developmental neuroscience
- Clinical psychology
Background:
- Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is often underdiagnosed in young children.
- Existing assessment tools for CVI primarily target older children.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and validate a parental questionnaire for cerebral visual impairment (PQCVI) suitable for screening young children.
- To establish normative data and assess the reliability of the PQCVI for children under 72 months.
Main Methods:
- Developed a 23-question PQCVI based on a modified existing questionnaire.
- Administered the PQCVI and neurocognitive tests to 201 child-parent pairs of typically developing children under 72 months.
- Analyzed normative data, internal reliability (Cronbach's alpha), and item characteristics.
Main Results:
- Normative data indicated age-appropriate increases in cerebral visual function (CVF) scores, with rapid gains up to 36 months.
- Cronbach's alpha of 0.97 demonstrated excellent internal consistency for the PQCVI.
- Item analysis confirmed the questions' adequacy for the target age group.
Conclusions:
- The PQCVI provides reliable data for children under 72 months.
- The findings underscore the significance of early CVI identification, particularly before age three.
- The PQCVI shows potential as a valuable screening tool for CVI in young children, pending further clinical validation.
Background And Purpose:
Cerebral visual impairment (CVI) is an underdiagnosed condition in children, and its assessment tools have focused on older children. We aimed to develop a parental questionnaire for cerebral visual impairment (PQCVI) for screening CVI in young children.
Methods:
The PQCVI comprised 23 questions based on a modified version of Houliston and Dutton's questionnaire for older children. The PQCVI with neurocognitive function tests was applied to 201 child-parent pairs with typically developing children younger than 72 months (age 32.4±20.1 months, mean±standard deviation). The children were classified into six age groups. The normative data, cutoff scores, and internal reliability were assessed and item analysis was performed. We referred to the total score for all questions as the cerebral visual function (CVF) score.
Results:
The normative data showed that the CVF score and the scores corresponding to ventral-stream and dorsal-stream visual functions plausibly increased with age. The scores rapidly reached 90% of their maximum values up to the age of 36 months, after which they increased slowly. Cronbach's alpha for all questions across all age groups was 0.97, showing excellent consistency. The item difficulty and item discrimination coefficients showed that the questions were generally adequate for this age stage.
Conclusions:
The PQCVI items produced reliable responses in children younger than 72 months. The rapid increase in scores before the age of 3 years supports the importance of early identification of CVI. Following additional clinical verification, the PQCVI may be useful for CVI screening.
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