Demographic and socioeconomic trends in DNA banking utilization in the USA

Demographic and clinical information from de-identified individuals utilizing a single DNA banking service over a 22-year period was assessed using descriptive statistics. The socioeconomic characteristics of the study population were estimated using a zip code-level analysis of US Census data and compared to national US Metrics for 2016. Samples from 4,874 individuals were deposited to a single commercial DNA bank from 1997 to 2019. Samples originated from 31 countries across 6 continents, with the majority of samples originating from the United States (US; 97.37%; n = 4,746). A higher proportion of individuals identifying as females (55.58%; n = 2,709) utilized the service compared to males (41.18%; n = 2,007). The age distribution was bimodal, peaking around 5 years of age and again around 65 years of age. Whole blood was the preferred specimen for submission. Sample deposits peaked in 2015 with 559 annual deposits. Clinical genetic counselors were the most common referral source (41.73%; n = 2,034). Individuals utilizing DNA banking services are estimated to reside in wealthier, more educated and less racially diverse zip codes compared to national metrics. Although direct to consumer DNA banking is being utilized by the general public and clinical genetic counselors in the US, it is not widespread.