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Mesocosm-Scale Constructed Wetland Design for Wastewater Treatment
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Influent salinity affects substrate selection in surface flow constructed wetlands.

Shenyan Zhou1, Ran Zhao1, Qiming Li1

  • 1School of Life Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210093, People's Republic of China.

Environmental Science and Pollution Research International
|June 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Choosing the right substrate for constructed wetlands is key. Soil is recommended for high salinity conditions to improve pollutant removal and plant growth.

Keywords:
Constructed wetlandMacrophyteRhizosphereSalt stressSoil

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Wastewater Treatment

Background:

  • Constructed wetlands (CWs) are engineered systems for wastewater treatment.
  • Substrate selection in CWs significantly impacts treatment efficiency and ecological function.
  • Influent salinity is a critical factor influencing CW performance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of influent salinity on substrate selection in surface flow constructed wetlands (SFCWs).
  • To evaluate the performance of different substrates (soil, gravel, sand) under varying salinity levels.
  • To assess the effects of substrate on macrophyte growth and microbial community dynamics.

Main Methods:

  • Pilot-scale SFCWs were operated with varying influent salinities.
  • Gravel, sand, and soil were used as substrates.
  • Pollutant removal efficiency (salt, TN, TP, COD), macrophyte growth parameters, and rhizosphere bacterial diversity and stability were analyzed.

Main Results:

  • Soil-based SFCWs showed similar or better removal efficiency for salt, TN, TP, and COD at high salinities compared to gravel or sand.
  • Soil enhanced macrophyte growth (biomass, chlorophyll, root activity) particularly at high salinities.
  • High salinity decreased bacterial alpha-diversity, but soil improved rhizosphere bacterial community stability across salinities.
  • Soil-supported macrophytes and rhizosphere microbes improved pollutant removal at high salinity.

Conclusions:

  • Substrate selection in SFCWs should be tailored to influent salinity levels for optimal performance.
  • Soil is a superior substrate for high salinity conditions, enhancing pollutant removal and macrophyte health.
  • Optimizing substrate choice can improve pollutant removal efficiency and reduce operational costs in SFCWs.