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Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

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Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
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Tumor Progression02:07

Tumor Progression

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Tumor progression is a phenomenon where the pre-formed tumor acquires successive mutations to become clinically more aggressive and malignant. In the 1950s, Foulds first described the stepwise progression of cancer cells through successive stages.
Colon cancer is one of the best-documented examples of tumor progression. Early mutation in the APC gene in colon cells causes a small growth on the colon wall called a polyp. With time, this polyp grows into a benign, pre-cancerous tumor. Further...
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Updated: Oct 31, 2025

A Preclinical Mouse Model of Osteosarcoma to Define the Extracellular Vesicle-mediated Communication Between Tumor and Mesenchymal Stem Cells
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Sarcoma Tumor Microenvironment.

Panagiotis Tsagozis1,2, Jordi Gonzalez-Molina3,4, Anna-Maria Georgoudaki5,6

  • 1Department of Orthopedics, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.

Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology
|June 29, 2021
PubMed
Summary

The tumor microenvironment (TME) in sarcomas is key to cancer progression but poorly understood. Understanding its cellular, structural, and chemical makeup is vital for developing new combination therapies.

Keywords:
AcidosisAngiogenesisExtracellular matrixFibroblastsHistopathologyHypoxiaImmune cellsImmunotherapyMesenchymal stem cellsMyofibroblastsPericytesSarcomaStromal cellsTumor microenvironmentVascular cells

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Pathobiology

Background:

  • The tumor microenvironment (TME) significantly influences malignant progression, with context-dependent roles.
  • Sarcoma TME's disease-regulatory activities are largely uncharacterized.
  • Sarcomas exhibit diverse features affecting prognosis and treatment response.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the cellular, structural, and chemical composition of the sarcoma TME.
  • To provide a pathobiological and therapeutic perspective on the sarcoma TME.
  • To highlight the need for understanding sarcoma TME for improved combination treatments.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on sarcoma TME components.
  • Analysis of cellular infiltration (e.g., immune cells).
  • Assessment of structural elements like extracellular matrix (ECM) and vascularization.

Main Results:

  • Sarcoma subtypes vary in TME composition, including malignant cells, immune infiltrates, necrotic areas, and ECM.
  • ECM influences tissue stiffness and interstitial fluid pressure.
  • Vascular invasion and blood vessel characteristics can be prognostic indicators.

Conclusions:

  • Further research into sarcoma TME activities is essential for developing effective combination therapies.
  • Targeting the TME, beyond malignant cells, is crucial for overcoming treatment resistance.
  • Understanding sarcoma TME composition aids in developing strategies against tumor nutrition and immune evasion.